【长寿人文】长寿有个孙仲山｜宦海十年
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font-size: 16px; visibility: visible; box-sizing: border-box !important;">宦海十年</span></section></section><section style="outline: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; visibility: visible;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box; outline: 0px; width: 5px; height: 2px; border-radius: 0px 0px 3px 3px; float: left; background-color: rgb(218, 203, 158); overflow: hidden; visibility: visible;"><br style="outline: 0px; visibility: visible; box-sizing: border-box !important;"></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box; outline: 0px; width: 5px; height: 2px; border-radius: 0px 0px 3px 3px; float: right; background-color: rgb(218, 203, 158); overflow: hidden; visibility: visible;"><br style="outline: 0px; visibility: visible; box-sizing: border-box !important;"></section><section style="outline: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; clear: both; height: 0px; overflow: hidden; visibility: visible;"><br style="outline: 0px; visibility: visible; box-sizing: border-box !important;"></section></section></section></section></section><section data-tools="135编辑器" data-id="89069" style="outline: 0px; color: rgb(34, 34, 34); font-size: 17px; letter-spacing: 0.544px; visibility: visible; font-family: -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; box-sizing: border-box !important;" class="_135editor"><section style="margin: 10px auto; padding: 1.5em; outline: 0px; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; box-shadow: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.3) 0px 1px 4px, rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.1) 0px 0px 40px inset; visibility: visible; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><p style="text-align: center; vertical-align: inherit; outline: 0px; clear: both; min-height: 1em; visibility: visible; box-sizing: border-box !important;" align="center"></p><section style="outline: 0px; text-align: left; line-height: normal; visibility: visible; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="outline: 0px; color: rgb(178, 178, 178); font-size: 12px; letter-spacing: 0.544px; visibility: visible; box-sizing: border-box !important;">■</span><span style="outline: 0px; color: rgb(178, 178, 178); font-size: 12px; letter-spacing: 0.544px; visibility: visible; box-sizing: border-box !important;"> 老北京故宫，是孙仲山步入宦海的起点</span></section><section style="outline: 0px; text-align: center; line-height: normal; visibility: visible; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><br style="outline: 0px; visibility: visible; box-sizing: border-box !important;"></section><section style="outline: 0px; text-align: center; line-height: normal; visibility: visible; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="outline: 0px; color: rgb(189, 116, 33); visibility: visible; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><strong style="outline: 0px; visibility: visible; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="outline: 0px; font-size: 14px; visibility: visible; box-sizing: border-box !important;">弃商从政的选择</span></strong></span></section><p style="vertical-align: inherit; outline: 0px; clear: both; min-height: 1em; line-height: normal; visibility: visible; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><br></p><p style="vertical-align: inherit; outline: 0px; clear: both; min-height: 1em; visibility: visible; text-indent: 0em; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="outline: 0px; font-size: 14px; color: rgb(109, 109, 109); visibility: visible; box-sizing: border-box !important;"> 也许，商业的成功，财富的殷厚，并非孙仲山唯一的人生理想。初尝成功喜悦的孙仲山，更期待着在政治上一展身手。</span></p><p style="vertical-align: inherit; outline: 0px; clear: both; min-height: 1em; visibility: visible; text-indent: 0em; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="outline: 0px; font-size: 14px; color: rgb(109, 109, 109); visibility: visible; box-sizing: border-box !important;"> 孙仲山的从政之路，是从1902年开始的。光绪二十八年(1902年)，孙仲山由詹事府供事考取议叙县丞，从此沉浮宦海，长达十年之久。</span></p><p style="vertical-align: inherit; outline: 0px; clear: both; min-height: 1em; visibility: visible; text-indent: 0em; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="outline: 0px; font-size: 14px; color: rgb(109, 109, 109); visibility: visible; box-sizing: border-box !important;"> 詹事府供事，是詹事府的佐吏，负责办理具体政务，相当于现在的机关职员。詹事府原是掌管皇后、太子家族事务的机构，后来因职能与翰林院交叉，清末划归翰林院统一管理。</span></p><p style="vertical-align: inherit; outline: 0px; clear: both; min-height: 1em; visibility: visible; text-indent: 0em; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="outline: 0px; font-size: 14px; color: rgb(109, 109, 109); visibility: visible; box-sizing: border-box !important;"> 议叙县丞相当于当今的副县级后备官员。议叙，本义指评议等级，确定任用次第。清制对考绩优异的官员，交部核议，奏请给予加级、记录等奖励，谓之“议叙”。县丞，是知县佐官，正八品。</span></p><p style="vertical-align: inherit; outline: 0px; clear: both; min-height: 1em; visibility: visible; text-indent: 0em; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="outline: 0px; font-size: 14px; color: rgb(109, 109, 109); visibility: visible; box-sizing: border-box !important;"> 原来，孙仲山在天津经商期间，经常到北京办事，时常下榻在他的一个族兄孙鸿猷家中。孙鸿猷当时在清政府的度支部(相当于财政部)负责平量银两轻重，因体弱多病，时常缺勤，孙仲山到北京后，屡次代其兄在度支部上班。后其兄因久病死去，而他就顶替孙鸿猷之名在度支部供职，并同各部要人开始往来。</span></p><p style="vertical-align: inherit; outline: 0px; clear: both; min-height: 1em; visibility: visible; text-indent: 0em; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="outline: 0px; font-size: 14px; color: rgb(109, 109, 109); visibility: visible; box-sizing: border-box !important;"> 孙仲山弃商从政，很可能受到其族兄孙鸿猷的接引推荐。</span></p><section style="outline: 0px; text-align: center; line-height: normal; visibility: visible; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><br style="outline: 0px; visibility: visible; box-sizing: border-box !important;"></section><section style="outline: 0px; line-height: normal; visibility: visible; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><br style="outline: 0px; visibility: visible; box-sizing: border-box !important;"></section><section style="outline: 0px; text-align: center; line-height: normal; visibility: visible; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><strong style="outline: 0px; visibility: visible; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="outline: 0px; font-size: 14px; color: rgb(189, 116, 33); visibility: visible; box-sizing: border-box !important;">袁世凯慧眼识珠</span></strong></section><p style="vertical-align: inherit; outline: 0px; clear: both; min-height: 1em; line-height: normal; visibility: visible; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><br></p><p style="vertical-align: inherit; outline: 0px; clear: both; min-height: 1em; visibility: visible; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="outline: 0px; font-size: 14px; color: rgb(109, 109, 109); visibility: visible; box-sizing: border-box !important;"> 考取议叙县丞不到一年，孙仲山就被保举成为候补知县。</span></p><p style="vertical-align: inherit; outline: 0px; clear: both; min-height: 1em; visibility: visible; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="outline: 0px; font-size: 14px; color: rgb(109, 109, 109); visibility: visible; box-sizing: border-box !important;"> 保举孙仲山的人，是炙手可热的大人物袁世凯。孙仲山考取议叙县丞后，很快被时任直隶总督的袁世凯相中，于是委派他办理“顺直赈捐”。</span></p><p style="vertical-align: inherit; outline: 0px; clear: both; min-height: 1em; visibility: visible; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="outline: 0px; font-size: 14px; color: rgb(109, 109, 109); visibility: visible; box-sizing: border-box !important;"> 所谓“顺直赈捐”，指的是“顺直善后赈捐”。顺直，即顺天府和直隶省，相当于北京、天津和河北两市一省范围，也就是清朝的畿辅之地。清末因国用不足，允许有钱人出钱捐官，由国家主持卖官鬻爵，其中用于赈灾所开的捐官项目，称为赈捐。所谓顺直赈捐，主要是针对顺天、直隶天灾人祸财政困窘之境由政府主导的一种非常例捐输，自光绪以来，已经多次开捐。</span></p><p style="vertical-align: inherit; outline: 0px; clear: both; min-height: 1em; visibility: visible; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="outline: 0px; font-size: 14px; color: rgb(109, 109, 109); visibility: visible; box-sizing: border-box !important;"> 1901年11月李鸿章病逝，袁世凯接任直隶总督，对赈捐之事特别重视。一方面京畿地区的恢复重建，需要大量资金；另一方面，为编练新军，也需要大笔经费。史载，袁世凯从顺直善后赈捐款项下提出一百万两银子，用于小站新军训练的军费。</span></p><p style="vertical-align: inherit; outline: 0px; clear: both; min-height: 1em; visibility: visible; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="outline: 0px; font-size: 14px; color: rgb(109, 109, 109); visibility: visible; box-sizing: border-box !important;"> 对于孙仲山本而言，捐官不过是特殊的经商活动。于是，孙仲山小施薄技，即成效卓著，1903年被袁世凯“奏保以知县补用”，本来是分发江苏候补的，随后袁世凯着意发挥孙仲山办理赈捐之长，于是奏请朝廷同意，改派孙仲山驻京办理捐务。</span></p><section style="outline: 0px; text-align: center; line-height: normal; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><br style="outline: 0px; box-sizing: border-box !important;"></section><section style="outline: 0px; text-align: center; line-height: normal; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><br style="outline: 0px; box-sizing: border-box !important;"></section><section style="outline: 0px; text-align: center; line-height: normal; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="outline: 0px; color: rgb(189, 116, 33); box-sizing: border-box !important;"><strong style="outline: 0px; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="outline: 0px; font-size: 14px; box-sizing: border-box !important;">三年擢升二品衔</span></strong></span></section><p style="vertical-align: inherit; outline: 0px; clear: both; min-height: 1em; line-height: normal; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><br></p><p style="vertical-align: inherit; outline: 0px; clear: both; min-height: 1em; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="outline: 0px; font-size: 14px; color: rgb(109, 109, 109); box-sizing: border-box !important;"> 1905驻京办理捐务的孙仲山，南下江苏，候补知县，历办宁沪巡警、赈捐、平籴、厘金等局差，涉及的业务从原来的捐务扩充到警务、粮食、税务等领域。</span></p><p style="vertical-align: inherit; outline: 0px; clear: both; min-height: 1em; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="outline: 0px; font-size: 14px; color: rgb(109, 109, 109); box-sizing: border-box !important;"> 孙仲山南下江苏不久，先后得到中国实业之父盛宣怀和时任两江总督端方的欣赏倚重。</span></p><p style="vertical-align: inherit; outline: 0px; clear: both; min-height: 1em; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="outline: 0px; font-size: 14px; color: rgb(109, 109, 109); box-sizing: border-box !important;"> 孙仲山受到盛宣怀的器重，是从上海商约谈判开始的。1905年</span><span style="outline: 0px; color: rgb(109, 109, 109); font-size: 14px; box-sizing: border-box !important;">10月和1906年5月，中德、中意商约谈判先后在上海举行，盛宣怀和吕海寰是中方谈判的主持者，孙仲山以随员身份出席。</span><span style="outline: 0px; color: rgb(109, 109, 109); font-size: 14px; box-sizing: border-box !important;">谈判过程中，孙仲山得到了盛宣怀的赏识，对他“以大器相期”。</span></p><p style="vertical-align: inherit; outline: 0px; clear: both; min-height: 1em; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="outline: 0px; font-size: 14px; color: rgb(109, 109, 109); box-sizing: border-box !important;"> 孙仲山受到端方的青睐，源于1906年春夏的江南巨浸。刚任两江总督的端方与部下商筹赈济，久乏良策。孙仲山建议变通捐例以筹款，采办川米以赈灾。于是数月之间，骤集二百数十万金，其中由孙仲山直接经办的捐款，超过半数。救灾款筹集到手后，端方委托孙仲山前后两次返回四川，采购粮食，运往运苏，救活灾民甚众。</span></p><p style="vertical-align: inherit; outline: 0px; clear: both; min-height: 1em; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="outline: 0px; font-size: 14px; color: rgb(109, 109, 109); box-sizing: border-box !important;"> 孙仲山剑芒初试，职务随之升迁。1905年，孙仲山捐升知府。但孙仲山并没有立马担任实职，而是继续留在江苏担任江南赈捐总办，主抓江南赈灾事务，同时蒙盛宣怀、吕海寰奏派，协助办理上海商约谈判事宜。由于参赞各国商约谈判得力，1907年奏奖二品衔道员。这个带有一定荣誉职务的官衔，在当时已经是相当风光了。</span></p><p style="vertical-align: inherit; outline: 0px; clear: both; min-height: 1em; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="outline: 0px; font-size: 14px; color: rgb(109, 109, 109); box-sizing: border-box !important;"> 从候补知县到二品道员，孙仲山只用了短短三年时间，这在当时，无疑是一个奇迹。</span></p><p style="text-align: center; vertical-align: inherit; outline: 0px; clear: both; min-height: 1em; line-height: normal; box-sizing: border-box !important;" align="center"><br></p><p style="text-align: center; vertical-align: inherit; outline: 0px; clear: both; min-height: 1em; line-height: normal; box-sizing: border-box !important;" align="center"><br></p><section style="outline: 0px; text-align: center; line-height: normal; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="outline: 0px; font-size: 12px; color: rgb(178, 178, 178); box-sizing: border-box !important;"><strong style="outline: 0px; color: rgb(189, 116, 33); box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="outline: 0px; font-size: 14px; box-sizing: border-box !important;">闽浙总督的力荐</span></strong></span></section><section style="outline: 0px; line-height: normal; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="outline: 0px; font-size: 12px; color: rgb(178, 178, 178); box-sizing: border-box !important;"><strong style="outline: 0px; color: rgb(189, 116, 33); text-align: center; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="outline: 0px; font-size: 14px; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><br style="outline: 0px; box-sizing: border-box !important;"></span></strong></span></section><p style="vertical-align: inherit; outline: 0px; clear: both; min-height: 1em; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="outline: 0px; font-size: 14px; color: rgb(109, 109, 109); box-sizing: border-box !important;"> 孙仲山的德才官声，很快引起一些地方大员的关注，纷纷援引，委以重任。</span></p><p style="vertical-align: inherit; outline: 0px; clear: both; min-height: 1em; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="outline: 0px; font-size: 14px; color: rgb(109, 109, 109); box-sizing: border-box !important;"> 1908年，因闽浙总督松寿的上奏，孙仲山奉旨调福建办理洋务，会办财政局兼整理茶木税捐。恰好当年福建遭遇水灾，饥民待抚众多。</span></p><p style="vertical-align: inherit; outline: 0px; clear: both; min-height: 1em; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="outline: 0px; font-size: 14px; color: rgb(109, 109, 109); box-sizing: border-box !important;"> 于是松<span style="outline: 0px; box-sizing: border-box !important;">寿</span>特奏请朝廷同意，派孙仲山驻京，任福建赈捐总办。一年之间，孙仲山就募得二百数十万金，福建的灾民得到救济。松寿对孙仲山的能力十分看重，认为才堪大用，于是入奏朝廷，奉旨交军机处(相当于国务院)存记，即登记存档，以备录用。军机处得知孙仲山才能出众，已经做出重用的安排，准备“遇缺即放”。</span></p><p style="vertical-align: inherit; outline: 0px; clear: both; min-height: 1em; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="outline: 0px; font-size: 14px; color: rgb(109, 109, 109); box-sizing: border-box !important;"> 正当孙仲山宦海得意，骎骎而上，准备大展怀抱之时，父亲孙继宽逝世的噩耗，让孙仲山不得不暂时中断仕途，奔丧回籍。清制，内外文职现任官员，遇亲生父母病故，从闻讣之日始，必须离任守制(守孝)两年又三个月，称为丁忧。</span></p><p style="vertical-align: inherit; outline: 0px; clear: both; min-height: 1em; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="outline: 0px; font-size: 14px; color: rgb(109, 109, 109); box-sizing: border-box !important;"> 1911年，孙仲山守制结束，返回北京。当时的督办江皖赈务大臣四川老乡陈邦瑞，因知道孙仲山办理捐务成绩冠于各省，奏明奉旨委派孙仲山为江皖筹赈公所正提调，兼充民政部咨议官。</span></p><p style="vertical-align: inherit; outline: 0px; clear: both; min-height: 1em; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="outline: 0px; font-size: 14px; color: rgb(109, 109, 109); box-sizing: border-box !important;"> 然而，此时的中国，可谓山雨欲来风满楼。统治中国近三百年的满清朝廷，已经气数将近，岌岌可危。</span></p></section></section><section style="outline: 0px; color: rgb(34, 34, 34); font-size: 17px; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: center; line-height: normal; font-family: -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><br style="outline: 0px; box-sizing: border-box !important;"></section><section style="outline: 0px; color: rgb(34, 34, 34); font-size: 17px; letter-spacing: 0.544px; font-family: -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="outline: 0px; font-size: 12px; color: rgb(178, 178, 178); box-sizing: border-box !important;">| 来源：《乐游长寿》杂志</span></section><section class="_135editor" data-role="paragraph"><p style="vertical-align:inherit;"><br></p></section></section> <!----></div><!---->
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