【长寿人文】长寿有个孙仲山｜高线铁路
<!----><style type="text/css">html{font-size:375%}</style><link href="https://pic.app.hicsq.com/static/publish/css/style.css?v=1605251010487" rel="stylesheet" position="1" data-qf-origin="/static/publish/css/style.css?v=1605251010487"><div class="preview_article "> <!----> <section data-role="outer" label="Powered by 135editor.com"><section data-role="title" data-tools="135编辑器" data-id="88744" style="outline: 0px; color: rgb(34, 34, 34); font-size: 17px; letter-spacing: 0.544px; visibility: visible; font-family: -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; box-sizing: border-box !important;" class="_135editor"><section style="margin-top: 10px; margin-bottom: 10px; outline: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; text-align: center; visibility: visible;"><section style="outline: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; display: inline-block; vertical-align: middle; visibility: visible;"><section style="outline: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; visibility: visible;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box; outline: 0px; width: 5px; height: 2px; border-radius: 3px 3px 0px 0px; float: left; background-color: rgb(218, 203, 158); overflow: hidden; visibility: visible;"><br style="outline: 0px; visibility: visible; box-sizing: border-box !important;"></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box; outline: 0px; width: 5px; height: 2px; border-radius: 3px 3px 0px 0px; float: right; background-color: rgb(218, 203, 158); overflow: hidden; visibility: visible;"><br style="outline: 0px; visibility: visible; box-sizing: border-box !important;"></section><section style="outline: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; clear: both; height: 0px; overflow: hidden; visibility: visible;"><br style="outline: 0px; visibility: visible; box-sizing: border-box !important;"></section></section><section style="padding: 2px 10px; outline: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; border-left: 5px solid rgb(218, 203, 158); border-right: 5px solid rgb(218, 203, 158); border-top-color: rgb(218, 203, 158); border-bottom-color: rgb(218, 203, 158); background-color: rgb(204, 139, 65); color: rgb(254, 254, 254); visibility: visible;"><section data-brushtype="text" hm_fix="318:731" style="outline: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; visibility: visible;"><span style="outline: 0px; font-size: 16px; visibility: visible; box-sizing: border-box !important;">高线铁路</span></section></section><section style="outline: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; visibility: visible;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box; outline: 0px; width: 5px; height: 2px; border-radius: 0px 0px 3px 3px; float: left; background-color: rgb(218, 203, 158); overflow: hidden; visibility: visible;"><br style="outline: 0px; visibility: visible; box-sizing: border-box !important;"></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box; outline: 0px; width: 5px; height: 2px; border-radius: 0px 0px 3px 3px; float: right; background-color: rgb(218, 203, 158); overflow: hidden; visibility: visible;"><br style="outline: 0px; visibility: visible; box-sizing: border-box !important;"></section><section style="outline: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; clear: both; height: 0px; overflow: hidden; visibility: visible;"><br style="outline: 0px; visibility: visible; box-sizing: border-box !important;"></section></section></section></section></section><section data-tools="135编辑器" data-id="89069" style="outline: 0px; color: rgb(34, 34, 34); font-size: 17px; letter-spacing: 0.544px; visibility: visible; font-family: -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; box-sizing: border-box !important;" class="_135editor"><section style="margin: 10px auto; padding: 1.5em; outline: 0px; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; box-shadow: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.3) 0px 1px 4px, rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.1) 0px 0px 40px inset; visibility: visible; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><p style="vertical-align: inherit; outline: 0px; clear: both; min-height: 1em; text-align: center; visibility: visible; box-sizing: border-box !important;" align="center"></p><section style="outline: 0px; text-align: left; line-height: normal; visibility: visible; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="outline: 0px; font-size: 12px; letter-spacing: 0.544px; color: rgb(178, 178, 178); visibility: visible; box-sizing: border-box !important;">■ 孙仲山经营的房山煤矿高线铁路</span></section><section style="outline: 0px; text-align: center; line-height: normal; visibility: visible; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><br style="outline: 0px; visibility: visible; box-sizing: border-box !important;"></section><p style="vertical-align: inherit; outline: 0px; clear: both; min-height: 1em; text-align: center; visibility: visible; box-sizing: border-box !important;" align="center"></p><section style="outline: 0px; text-align: left; line-height: normal; visibility: visible; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="outline: 0px; font-size: 12px; color: rgb(178, 178, 178); visibility: visible; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="outline: 0px; letter-spacing: 0.544px; visibility: visible; box-sizing: border-box !important;">■ </span>北京房山煤矿火车站</span><br style="outline: 0px; visibility: visible; box-sizing: border-box !important;"></section><section style="outline: 0px; text-align: center; line-height: normal; visibility: visible; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><br style="outline: 0px; visibility: visible; box-sizing: border-box !important;"></section><section style="outline: 0px; text-align: center; line-height: normal; visibility: visible; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="outline: 0px; color: rgb(189, 116, 33); visibility: visible; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><strong style="outline: 0px; visibility: visible; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="outline: 0px; font-size: 14px; visibility: visible; box-sizing: border-box !important;">接办高线铁路获利颇丰</span></strong></span></section><p style="vertical-align: inherit; outline: 0px; clear: both; min-height: 1em; line-height: normal; visibility: visible; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><br></p><p style="vertical-align: inherit; outline: 0px; clear: both; min-height: 1em; visibility: visible; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="outline: 0px; font-size: 14px; color: rgb(109, 109, 109); visibility: visible; box-sizing: border-box !important;"> 孙仲山在狱中的两个多月，中国的变化真是翻天覆地。</span></p><p style="vertical-align: inherit; outline: 0px; clear: both; min-height: 1em; visibility: visible; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="outline: 0px; font-size: 14px; color: rgb(109, 109, 109); visibility: visible; box-sizing: border-box !important;"> 1912年2月12日，宣统皇帝溥仪的母后隆裕太后接受清室《优待条件》，发布《逊位诏书》，宣布宣统皇帝退位，并授权袁世凯组织临时共和政府。至此，大清帝国正式终结，并被中华民国北洋政府取代与继承。</span></p><p style="vertical-align: inherit; outline: 0px; clear: both; min-height: 1em; visibility: visible; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="outline: 0px; font-size: 14px; color: rgb(109, 109, 109); visibility: visible; box-sizing: border-box !important;"> 1912年秋天，休整了半年之久的孙仲山，开始了他回归实业之后的第一个项目：接办高线铁路。</span></p><p style="vertical-align: inherit; outline: 0px; clear: both; min-height: 1em; visibility: visible; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="outline: 0px; font-size: 14px; color: rgb(109, 109, 109); visibility: visible; box-sizing: border-box !important;"> 高线铁路，又称空中缆车、空中铁路，是一种高空运输货物的交通工具。线路由铁架支撑，凌空高悬，上挂斗车，依靠蒸汽动力牵引斗车在高线上运行。当时的高线铁路，位于直隶省房山县，是用于运输煤炭的空中缆车，时称房山高线，时为东亚第一条以机械为动力的高空运输索道。</span></p><p style="vertical-align: inherit; outline: 0px; clear: both; min-height: 1em; visibility: visible; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="outline: 0px; font-size: 14px; color: rgb(109, 109, 109); visibility: visible; box-sizing: border-box !important;"> 高线公司股东初期多为天津盐商，公司在房山的坨里设有办事处。股东通过代理人管理高线运营。股东通过董事会决定高线重大事项，一般不直接插手高线事务。</span></p><p style="vertical-align: inherit; outline: 0px; clear: both; min-height: 1em; visibility: visible; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="outline: 0px; font-size: 14px; color: rgb(109, 109, 109); visibility: visible; box-sizing: border-box !important;"> 宣统三年(1911年)二月，清政府开展铁路运输收归国有运动，将高线收归国有，交由盐务署管理。由于经营不善，高线铁路不得不另谋经营之策。</span></p><p style="vertical-align: inherit; outline: 0px; clear: both; min-height: 1em; visibility: visible; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="outline: 0px; font-size: 14px; color: rgb(109, 109, 109); visibility: visible; box-sizing: border-box !important;"> 孙仲山经过调查分析，认为只要加强管理，高线应当有利可图。遂从国民政府盐务署中租赁经营。初接手时，管理中的问题很多，于是整理规划，采取措施，强化管理，未及数月，营业骤盛，获得巨额利润。</span></p><section style="outline: 0px; line-height: normal; visibility: visible; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><br style="outline: 0px; visibility: visible; box-sizing: border-box !important;"></section><section style="outline: 0px; line-height: normal; visibility: visible; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><br style="outline: 0px; visibility: visible; box-sizing: border-box !important;"></section><section style="outline: 0px; text-align: center; line-height: normal; visibility: visible; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><strong style="outline: 0px; visibility: visible; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="outline: 0px; font-size: 14px; color: rgb(189, 116, 33); visibility: visible; box-sizing: border-box !important;">受人逼迫拱手相让</span></strong></section><p style="vertical-align: inherit; outline: 0px; clear: both; min-height: 1em; line-height: normal; visibility: visible; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><br></p><p style="vertical-align: inherit; outline: 0px; clear: both; min-height: 1em; visibility: visible; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="outline: 0px; font-size: 14px; color: rgb(109, 109, 109); visibility: visible; box-sizing: border-box !important;"> 1913年，当年主持修建高线的天津商会会长王竹林，发现孙仲山经营高线获利甚丰后，千方百计想夺回经营权，但孙仲山坚决不肯让步，王竹林的图谋一直难以得逞。</span></p><p style="vertical-align: inherit; outline: 0px; clear: both; min-height: 1em; visibility: visible; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="outline: 0px; font-size: 14px; color: rgb(109, 109, 109); visibility: visible; box-sizing: border-box !important;"> 于是，王竹林联系房山县河套沟的土豪乡绅，发动河套沟村民，阻挡高线运输。恰逢此时，当地村民见高线运煤，肥水外流，十分眼馋。双方一拍即合，蜂拥而起，掀起“48村争高线”风潮，致使高线被迫停运。政府派人调查后，发现阻挡高线运输是因王竹林背后鼓动，孙仲山遂提起诉讼，并将高线全路及机厂工人领至北京，住在前门外打磨厂大同旅馆内，工资照发，供给全部膳食，让高线和王竹林打官司。</span></p><p style="vertical-align: inherit; outline: 0px; clear: both; min-height: 1em; visibility: visible; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="outline: 0px; font-size: 14px; color: rgb(109, 109, 109); visibility: visible; box-sizing: border-box !important;"> 高线工人进驻北京后，王竹林见有机可乘，又利用老关系从天津盐务署雇来新工人到高线工作。因技术不熟，斗车经常出事，机器屡生故障，王竹林被迫停止运营。</span></p><p style="vertical-align: inherit; outline: 0px; clear: both; min-height: 1em; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="outline: 0px; font-size: 14px; color: rgb(109, 109, 109); box-sizing: border-box !important;"> 由于高线修建过程中涉及人员较多，背景复杂，孙仲山与王竹林这场官司旷日持久。经多次调解，双方都神疲意沮。</span></p><p style="vertical-align: inherit; outline: 0px; clear: both; min-height: 1em; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="outline: 0px; font-size: 14px; color: rgb(109, 109, 109); box-sizing: border-box !important;"> 正在双方相持不下之时，一个知心朋友出面劝解孙仲山，“强权之世，难言公理，不若忍让以远祸，以君之才，又何事不可为，何靳惜此区区一路”。孙仲山听事，“服膺友言”，审时度势，最终同意接受赔偿损失，让出高线经营权。直到1914年，才达成协议，由王竹林出银元三百万元，将高线赎回经营。</span></p><p style="vertical-align: inherit; outline: 0px; clear: both; min-height: 1em; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><br></p><section style="outline: 0px; text-align: center; line-height: normal; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><br style="outline: 0px; box-sizing: border-box !important;"></section><section style="outline: 0px; text-align: center; line-height: normal; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="outline: 0px; color: rgb(189, 116, 33); box-sizing: border-box !important;"><strong style="outline: 0px; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="outline: 0px; font-size: 14px; box-sizing: border-box !important;">抢夺高线铁路者的结局</span></strong></span></section><p style="vertical-align: inherit; outline: 0px; clear: both; min-height: 1em; line-height: normal; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><br></p><p style="vertical-align: inherit; outline: 0px; clear: both; min-height: 1em; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="outline: 0px; font-size: 14px; color: rgb(109, 109, 109); box-sizing: border-box !important;"> 王竹林夺回经营权后，仍以天津盐商为股东，又吸收一部分在修建高线和争夺高线过程中卖力气、有贡献者和北洋政府的一些官员加入，组成了新的股东会。从此，高线公司后台更硬，势力大增。</span></p><p style="vertical-align: inherit; outline: 0px; clear: both; min-height: 1em; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="outline: 0px; font-size: 14px; color: rgb(109, 109, 109); box-sizing: border-box !important;"> 然而，由于房山运煤高线与河套沟一带民众运煤的利益问题没有根本解决，当地民众与高线之间的利益纠纷始终没有停止过，河套沟48村民众多次发生阻路活动。特别是在运营过程中，受军阀混战的影响，加之措施不当，经营亏损，使众多借款给高线的煤栈、商号、银行倒闭，房山煤矿煤栈业纷纷停开关闭，高线铁路最终在1922年的第一次直奉战争中被军事接管。</span></p><p style="vertical-align: inherit; outline: 0px; clear: both; min-height: 1em; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="outline: 0px; font-size: 14px; color: rgb(109, 109, 109); box-sizing: border-box !important;"> 连王竹林本人，也不得善终，这更是孙仲山没有想到的。</span></p><p style="vertical-align: inherit; outline: 0px; clear: both; min-height: 1em; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="outline: 0px; font-size: 14px; color: rgb(109, 109, 109); box-sizing: border-box !important;"> 王竹林比孙仲山年长21岁。1936年，王竹林再次当选天津商会会长。天津沦陷，王竹林沦为汉奸，参加伪天津地方治安维持会并任委员，担任天津物资对策委员会委员长。1938年，天津伪市公署成立，任王竹林为长芦盐运史。1938年12月27日傍晚，在法租界丰泽园饭庄接受宴请的王竹林，被天津抗日锄奸团刺杀身亡，结束了甘当汉奸的罪恶生涯。</span></p></section></section><section style="outline: 0px; color: rgb(34, 34, 34); font-size: 17px; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: center; line-height: normal; font-family: -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><br style="outline: 0px; box-sizing: border-box !important;"></section><section style="outline: 0px; color: rgb(34, 34, 34); font-size: 17px; letter-spacing: 0.544px; font-family: -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="outline: 0px; font-size: 12px; color: rgb(178, 178, 178); box-sizing: border-box !important;">| 来源：《乐游长寿》杂志</span></section><section class="_135editor" data-role="paragraph"><p style="vertical-align:inherit;"><br></p></section></section> <!----></div><!---->
页:
[1]