【长寿人文】长寿有个孙仲山｜盐煤之业
<!----><style type="text/css">html{font-size:375%}</style><link href="https://pic.app.hicsq.com/static/publish/css/style.css?v=1605251010487" rel="stylesheet" position="1" data-qf-origin="/static/publish/css/style.css?v=1605251010487"><div class="preview_article "> <!----> <section data-role="outer" label="Powered by 135editor.com"><section data-role="title" data-tools="135编辑器" data-id="88744" style="outline: 0px; color: rgb(34, 34, 34); font-size: 17px; letter-spacing: 0.544px; visibility: visible; font-family: -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; box-sizing: border-box !important;" class="_135editor"><section style="margin-top: 10px; margin-bottom: 10px; outline: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; text-align: center; visibility: visible;"><section style="outline: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; display: inline-block; vertical-align: middle; visibility: visible;"><section style="outline: 0px; 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font-size: 16px; visibility: visible; box-sizing: border-box !important;">盐煤之业</span></section></section><section style="outline: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; visibility: visible;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box; outline: 0px; width: 5px; height: 2px; border-radius: 0px 0px 3px 3px; float: left; background-color: rgb(218, 203, 158); overflow: hidden; visibility: visible;"><br style="outline: 0px; visibility: visible; box-sizing: border-box !important;"></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box; outline: 0px; width: 5px; height: 2px; border-radius: 0px 0px 3px 3px; float: right; background-color: rgb(218, 203, 158); overflow: hidden; visibility: visible;"><br style="outline: 0px; visibility: visible; box-sizing: border-box !important;"></section><section style="outline: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; clear: both; height: 0px; overflow: hidden; visibility: visible;"><br style="outline: 0px; visibility: visible; box-sizing: border-box !important;"></section></section></section></section></section><section data-tools="135编辑器" data-id="89069" style="outline: 0px; color: rgb(34, 34, 34); font-size: 17px; letter-spacing: 0.544px; visibility: visible; font-family: -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; box-sizing: border-box !important;" class="_135editor"><section style="margin: 10px auto; padding: 1.5em; outline: 0px; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; box-shadow: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.3) 0px 1px 4px, rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.1) 0px 0px 40px inset; visibility: visible; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><p style="vertical-align: inherit; outline: 0px; clear: both; min-height: 1em; text-align: center; visibility: visible; box-sizing: border-box !important;" align="center"></p><section style="outline: 0px; text-align: left; line-height: normal; visibility: visible; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="outline: 0px; font-size: 12px; letter-spacing: 0.544px; color: rgb(178, 178, 178); visibility: visible; box-sizing: border-box !important;">■ 天津长芦盐场运盐场景</span></section><section style="outline: 0px; text-align: center; line-height: normal; visibility: visible; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><br style="outline: 0px; visibility: visible; box-sizing: border-box !important;"></section><section style="outline: 0px; text-align: center; line-height: normal; visibility: visible; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="outline: 0px; color: rgb(189, 116, 33); visibility: visible; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><strong style="outline: 0px; visibility: visible; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="outline: 0px; font-size: 14px; visibility: visible; box-sizing: border-box !important;">创办豫泰盐号</span></strong></span></section><p style="vertical-align: inherit; outline: 0px; clear: both; min-height: 1em; line-height: normal; visibility: visible; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><br></p><p style="vertical-align: inherit; outline: 0px; clear: both; min-height: 1em; visibility: visible; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="outline: 0px; font-size: 14px; color: rgb(109, 109, 109); visibility: visible; box-sizing: border-box !important;"> 高线铁路虽因非经济因素，不得不转让他人，但孙仲山对个人的经商能力，更加信心满满。民国七年(1916年)冬，孙仲山在天津成立了豫泰盐号。</span></p><p style="vertical-align: inherit; outline: 0px; clear: both; min-height: 1em; visibility: visible; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="outline: 0px; font-size: 14px; color: rgb(109, 109, 109); visibility: visible; box-sizing: border-box !important;"> 豫泰盐号的经营范围，是承办河南商、淮、陈、杞、太等县盐务。孙仲山自撰履历表，写明经营范围是包办长芦盐务运销河南商淮岸五县。长芦盐场是我国海盐产量最大的盐场，主要分布于河北省和天津市的渤海沿岸。简而言之，豫泰盐号的业务，是负责长芦盐区在河南商、淮、陈、杞、太五县的垄断经营。</span></p><p style="vertical-align: inherit; outline: 0px; clear: both; min-height: 1em; visibility: visible; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="outline: 0px; font-size: 14px; color: rgb(109, 109, 109); visibility: visible; box-sizing: border-box !important;"> 豫泰盐号的经营地盘商丘、淮阳、周口、杞县、太康五县，位于河南东部，毗邻安徽、江苏西北、山东西南，历来是长芦盐区的专营市场，早已有固定盐商经营，且是一个赚钱的生意。孙仲山成立豫泰盐号，顺利承揽这个赚钱业务，如果没有可靠的背景和人脉，是断然不可想象的。</span></p><p style="vertical-align: inherit; outline: 0px; clear: both; min-height: 1em; visibility: visible; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="outline: 0px; font-size: 14px; color: rgb(109, 109, 109); visibility: visible; box-sizing: border-box !important;"> 豫泰盐号的经营情况，目前已经不得而知，但孙仲山从中赚了大钱，却是肯定的事实。但由于国民政府将盐业经营收归官营，大概两年之后，豫泰盐号关闭。</span></p><p style="vertical-align: inherit; outline: 0px; clear: both; min-height: 1em; visibility: visible; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><br></p><section style="outline: 0px; line-height: normal; visibility: visible; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><br style="outline: 0px; visibility: visible; box-sizing: border-box !important;"></section><section style="outline: 0px; text-align: center; line-height: normal; visibility: visible; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><strong style="outline: 0px; visibility: visible; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="outline: 0px; font-size: 14px; color: rgb(189, 116, 33); visibility: visible; box-sizing: border-box !important;">组建汝襄公司</span></strong></section><p style="vertical-align: inherit; outline: 0px; clear: both; min-height: 1em; line-height: normal; visibility: visible; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><br></p><p style="vertical-align: inherit; outline: 0px; clear: both; min-height: 1em; visibility: visible; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="outline: 0px; font-size: 14px; color: rgb(109, 109, 109); visibility: visible; box-sizing: border-box !important;"> 创办豫泰盐号的经历，让孙仲山对盐业的丰厚利润记忆犹新。</span></p><p style="vertical-align: inherit; outline: 0px; clear: both; min-height: 1em; visibility: visible; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="outline: 0px; font-size: 14px; color: rgb(109, 109, 109); visibility: visible; box-sizing: border-box !important;"> 民国十九年(1930年)，孙仲山在国民政府南迁，大中银行业务遇到困难之际，又在天津组建汝襄公司，承办长芦盐务运销河南襄城岸八县汝光岸十四县，也就是承办河南东南部汝光、襄城地区二十二县的盐务。汝襄公司与豫泰盐号相比，经营地盘扩大了四倍多，经营收入与营业利润，本来也应丰厚很多，可是由于情况变化，并未达到理想的经营效果。</span></p><p style="vertical-align: inherit; outline: 0px; clear: both; min-height: 1em; visibility: visible; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="outline: 0px; font-size: 14px; color: rgb(109, 109, 109); visibility: visible; box-sizing: border-box !important;"> 当时河南盐务市场同时开放数十个县，准商呈请自由返运，本轻利重，赢馀可卜，因而孙仲山牵头集资组织汝襄公司，附设于天津大中行之内，承办襄城汝光二十馀县盐务。因运盐以车辆为主，当时批准于开放区域运盐的有四十多个盐号，而孙仲山凭借与平汉铁路当局的深交，果断认缴巨额保证金，取得运盐车皮总量三分之一的分配权，因而汝襄公司独享运输便利，经营异常发达。然而，没有多长时间，南京国民政府铁道部实行局制改革，平汉铁路的管理做出重大调整，与孙仲山订立的车皮合同不能适用，而汝襄公司预订运输的盐量很大，一时车皮剧减。造成运输突滞，预购的盐无法转运到河南市场，经与众股东商议，决定停办。先后损益相抵，略有赢利。</span></p><p style="vertical-align: inherit; outline: 0px; clear: both; min-height: 1em; visibility: visible; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="outline: 0px; font-size: 14px; color: rgb(109, 109, 109); visibility: visible; box-sizing: border-box !important;"> 不过，盐业经营的暴利是建立在“引岸专销”基础之上的，离开了垄断，盐业的利润自然锐减。从1913年开始，长芦盐区经历了四次废除专商“引岸专销”的风潮。到1946年，终于废除了专商引岸制度，盐商风光不再，不过，此时的孙仲山已经没有把盐业作为主要经营对象了。</span></p><p style="vertical-align: inherit; outline: 0px; clear: both; min-height: 1em; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><br></p><section style="outline: 0px; text-align: center; line-height: normal; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><br style="outline: 0px; box-sizing: border-box !important;"></section><section style="outline: 0px; text-align: center; line-height: normal; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="outline: 0px; color: rgb(189, 116, 33); box-sizing: border-box !important;"><strong style="outline: 0px; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="outline: 0px; font-size: 14px; box-sizing: border-box !important;">经营鸿丰煤矿</span></strong></span></section><p style="vertical-align: inherit; outline: 0px; clear: both; min-height: 1em; line-height: normal; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><br></p><p style="vertical-align: inherit; outline: 0px; clear: both; min-height: 1em; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="outline: 0px; font-size: 14px; color: rgb(109, 109, 109); box-sizing: border-box !important;"> 煤矿，是孙仲山回归实业后的又一个经营重点。</span></p><p style="vertical-align: inherit; outline: 0px; clear: both; min-height: 1em; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="outline: 0px; font-size: 14px; color: rgb(109, 109, 109); box-sizing: border-box !important;"> 民国六年(1917年)，孙仲山独资创办鸿丰煤矿公司。而据孙仲山自撰履历表，民国十一年(1922年)，创办京兆全蜀鸿丰矿务公司。据此，孙仲山当是先行成立独资的鸿丰煤矿公司，再升格成立京兆全蜀鸿丰矿务公司。</span></p><p style="vertical-align: inherit; outline: 0px; clear: both; min-height: 1em; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="outline: 0px; font-size: 14px; color: rgb(109, 109, 109); box-sizing: border-box !important;"> 孙仲山经营的煤矿，位于北京房山周口店一带，这当与经营高线铁路有关。高线铁路之兴建与争夺，正是因为房山煤炭的利润太高，运输煤炭有利可图。对商业异常敏感的孙仲山，当然不会对煤炭的高额利润熟视无睹，一定会有所作为。</span></p><p style="vertical-align: inherit; outline: 0px; clear: both; min-height: 1em; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="outline: 0px; font-size: 14px; color: rgb(109, 109, 109); box-sizing: border-box !important;"> 孙仲山经营煤矿的时间跨度，远远超过盐业，虽然煤矿后来已经不是主业，但一直到解放前夕，似乎都没有完全放弃煤矿经营，先后历时约二十年。</span></p><p style="vertical-align: inherit; outline: 0px; clear: both; min-height: 1em; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="outline: 0px; font-size: 14px; color: rgb(109, 109, 109); box-sizing: border-box !important;"> 据《周口店镇煤矿发展史》记载，当时周口店长沟峪一带是煤矿集中的地方，较大煤矿有大丰、庙儿庵、坡港、同聚、银窝矿、四聚、会兴等矿。其中，银窝煤矿，位于周口店村，矿区面积669亩9分，矿主正是四川长寿县人孙鸿猷，即孙仲山。</span></p><p style="vertical-align: inherit; outline: 0px; clear: both; min-height: 1em; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="outline: 0px; font-size: 14px; color: rgb(109, 109, 109); box-sizing: border-box !important;"> 关于鸿丰煤矿，不能不提及两个经营者。一个是孙仲山的长寿老乡李大钧(一名李惟钧)，字鹏程。此人是山西介休知县李丕基之长子，也是后来成为孙仲山二女婿的还珠楼主李寿民的堂侄。另一人是孙仲山的堂弟孙海波，孙家子女叫他三叔。有资料显示，由于鸿丰煤矿经营不善，赔累很大，后交其族弟孙海波经营。</span></p><p style="vertical-align: inherit; outline: 0px; clear: both; min-height: 1em; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="outline: 0px; font-size: 14px; color: rgb(109, 109, 109); box-sizing: border-box !important;"> 解放后，孙仲山在周口店的煤矿，实行公私合营，最终变成了国有企业。至今，在周口店村，孙仲山鸿丰煤矿当年的库房和矿工住房，已经办成北京琉璃河水泥厂，见证着那段久已隐没于尘烟中的历史。</span></p></section></section><section style="outline: 0px; color: rgb(34, 34, 34); font-size: 17px; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: center; line-height: normal; font-family: -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><br style="outline: 0px; box-sizing: border-box !important;"></section><section style="outline: 0px; color: rgb(34, 34, 34); font-size: 17px; letter-spacing: 0.544px; font-family: -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="outline: 0px; font-size: 12px; color: rgb(178, 178, 178); box-sizing: border-box !important;">| 来源：《乐游长寿》杂志</span></section><section class="_135editor" data-role="paragraph"><p style="vertical-align:inherit;"><br></p></section></section> <!----></div><!---->
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