【长寿人文】长寿有个孙仲山｜理财圣手
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font-size: 16px; visibility: visible; box-sizing: border-box !important;">理财圣手</span></section></section><section style="outline: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; visibility: visible;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box; outline: 0px; width: 5px; height: 2px; border-radius: 0px 0px 3px 3px; float: left; background-color: rgb(218, 203, 158); overflow: hidden; visibility: visible;"><br style="outline: 0px; visibility: visible; box-sizing: border-box !important;"></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box; outline: 0px; width: 5px; height: 2px; border-radius: 0px 0px 3px 3px; float: right; background-color: rgb(218, 203, 158); overflow: hidden; visibility: visible;"><br style="outline: 0px; visibility: visible; box-sizing: border-box !important;"></section><section style="outline: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; clear: both; height: 0px; overflow: hidden; visibility: visible;"><br style="outline: 0px; visibility: visible; box-sizing: border-box !important;"></section></section></section></section></section><section data-tools="135编辑器" data-id="89069" style="outline: 0px; color: rgb(34, 34, 34); font-size: 17px; letter-spacing: 0.544px; visibility: visible; font-family: -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; box-sizing: border-box !important;" class="_135editor"><section style="margin: 10px auto; padding: 1.5em; outline: 0px; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; box-shadow: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.3) 0px 1px 4px, rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.1) 0px 0px 40px inset; visibility: visible; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><p style="vertical-align: inherit; outline: 0px; clear: both; min-height: 1em; text-align: center; visibility: visible; box-sizing: border-box !important;" align="center"><strong style="outline: 0px; visibility: visible; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="outline: 0px; font-size: 14px; color: rgb(189, 116, 33); visibility: visible; box-sizing: border-box !important;">办理赈捐身手不凡</span></strong><br style="outline: 0px; visibility: visible; box-sizing: border-box !important;"></p><section style="outline: 0px; text-align: center; line-height: normal; visibility: visible; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><strong style="outline: 0px; visibility: visible; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="outline: 0px; font-size: 14px; color: rgb(189, 116, 33); visibility: visible; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><br style="outline: 0px; visibility: visible; box-sizing: border-box !important;"></span></strong></section><p style="vertical-align: inherit; outline: 0px; clear: both; min-height: 1em; visibility: visible; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="outline: 0px; font-size: 14px; color: rgb(109, 109, 109); visibility: visible; box-sizing: border-box !important;"> 作为理财专家，发现孙仲山的伯乐是大名鼎鼎的袁世凯。</span></p><p style="vertical-align: inherit; outline: 0px; clear: both; min-height: 1em; visibility: visible; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="outline: 0px; font-size: 14px; color: rgb(109, 109, 109); visibility: visible; box-sizing: border-box !important;"> 孙仲山是怎么认识袁世凯，并进而受到赏识的，现在已经无从知晓。从当时的情形分析，显然与孙仲山担任詹事府供事有关。直接为皇宫服务的特殊职位，加上孙仲山的智慧练达，引起袁世凯的关注，乃情理之中的事情。</span></p><p style="vertical-align: inherit; outline: 0px; clear: both; min-height: 1em; visibility: visible; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="outline: 0px; font-size: 14px; color: rgb(109, 109, 109); visibility: visible; box-sizing: border-box !important;"> 办理“顺直赈捐”，是孙仲山理财的开端。孙仲山理财能力的充分展示，舞台却是在江南。</span></p><p style="vertical-align: inherit; outline: 0px; clear: both; min-height: 1em; visibility: visible; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="outline: 0px; font-size: 14px; color: rgb(109, 109, 109); visibility: visible; box-sizing: border-box !important;"> 孙仲山在江苏理财过程中，最为重要的政绩应该是办理两淮盐捐。孙仲山在自撰简历中谈到江苏的经历时，只有“办理两淮盐捐出力，保升知府”的记载。可见，在孙仲山本人看来，办理两淮盐捐，是当时在江苏最为重要的事情。</span></p><p style="vertical-align: inherit; outline: 0px; clear: both; min-height: 1em; visibility: visible; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="outline: 0px; font-size: 14px; color: rgb(109, 109, 109); visibility: visible; box-sizing: border-box !important;"> 清政府的财政收入主要包括三块：田赋、盐税和关税。当时流行“两淮盐赋甲天下”之说，清政府的财政收入，一半是盐税，盐税之中，一半来自两淮。不仅如此，国家每有重大军事行动，或天灾年荒，或河防工需，或巡幸典庆，也得靠两淮盐商捐输报效。</span></p><p style="vertical-align: inherit; outline: 0px; clear: both; min-height: 1em; visibility: visible; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="outline: 0px; font-size: 14px; color: rgb(109, 109, 109); visibility: visible; box-sizing: border-box !important;"> 孙仲山在江苏理财的突出贡献，引起闽浙总督松寿的注意，光绪三十四年，即1908年，因为松寿的上奏争取，朝廷委派孙仲山到福建办理洋务，并会办财政局兼整理茶木税捐。可见，孙仲山到福建，主要任务就是清理规范茶叶税、木材税，扩大地方财政收入。孙仲山自撰简历中记载，因“整理茶木税捐出力，奏保军机处存记，遇缺即放。”说明孙仲山的福建理财，依然是成效显著，受到好评。</span></p><p style="vertical-align: inherit; outline: 0px; clear: both; min-height: 1em; visibility: visible; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><br></p><section style="outline: 0px; text-align: center; line-height: normal; visibility: visible; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><br style="outline: 0px; visibility: visible; box-sizing: border-box !important;"></section><section style="outline: 0px; text-align: center; line-height: normal; visibility: visible; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="outline: 0px; color: rgb(189, 116, 33); visibility: visible; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><strong style="outline: 0px; visibility: visible; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="outline: 0px; font-size: 14px; visibility: visible; box-sizing: border-box !important;">一个理财经典案例</span></strong></span></section><p style="vertical-align: inherit; outline: 0px; clear: both; min-height: 1em; line-height: normal; visibility: visible; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><br></p><p style="vertical-align: inherit; outline: 0px; clear: both; min-height: 1em; visibility: visible; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="outline: 0px; color: rgb(109, 109, 109); font-size: 14px; visibility: visible; box-sizing: border-box !important;"> 清理巨额关税，是孙仲山理财生涯中的得意之作，将其“财政专长”发挥到了极致，堪称中国近代史上经典的理财案例。</span></p><p style="vertical-align: inherit; outline: 0px; clear: both; min-height: 1em; visibility: visible; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="outline: 0px; color: rgb(109, 109, 109); font-size: 14px; visibility: visible; box-sizing: border-box !important;"> 1926年4月，经过北洋军阀之间的战争，奉系军阀张作霖控制了北洋政府。1927年6月，张作霖入京组织大元帅政府，组建潘复内阁，孙仲山办理赈务时的旧属阎庭瑞出任财政总长。然而，此时的北洋政府，却面临着前所未有的财政困局。</span></p><p style="vertical-align: inherit; outline: 0px; clear: both; min-height: 1em; visibility: visible; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="outline: 0px; color: rgb(109, 109, 109); font-size: 14px; visibility: visible; box-sizing: border-box !important;"> 阎庭瑞对孙仲山这位老上级素来尊重，更深知孙仲山的“财政专长”，于是再三敦聘孙仲山担任财政部高等顾问，帮助出谋划策，破解财政危局。特别是张作霖在1922年大中银行遭遇危机时，曾经慷慨借款数十万元，帮助孙仲山度过了最危难的阶段。孙仲山是重情重义的人，深感“公谊私交，均难恝然”，于是决定发挥自己的“财政专长”，果断出手相助。</span></p><p style="vertical-align: inherit; outline: 0px; clear: both; min-height: 1em; visibility: visible; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="outline: 0px; color: rgb(109, 109, 109); font-size: 14px; visibility: visible; box-sizing: border-box !important;"> 孙仲山接手这个艰巨任务后，经过再四筹思，发现关税还有部分“久贮未动之款”，大有潜力可挖，可解燃眉之急。张作霖、潘复采纳了孙仲山的建议，特别聘请孙仲山兼任税务处高等顾问，委以清理关税的全权。</span></p><p style="vertical-align: inherit; outline: 0px; clear: both; min-height: 1em; visibility: visible; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="outline: 0px; color: rgb(109, 109, 109); font-size: 14px; visibility: visible; box-sizing: border-box !important;"> 孙仲山连夜调取关于关税方面的案卷，审核一过，要求总税务司向北洋政府拨付经年累积的船钞。船钞并非关税的正税，而是一种附带征收的船头税。相对于巨额的关税而言，这笔税款“为数甚微”，由于年收年用，如有剩余，就另行存储，不再计入关税的收入额度之中。</span></p><p style="vertical-align: inherit; outline: 0px; clear: both; min-height: 1em; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="outline: 0px; color: rgb(109, 109, 109); font-size: 14px; box-sizing: border-box !important;"> 虽然船钞数额不大，但从清朝同治以来60多年间，各个海关累积并计归缴到海关总署的船钞额度相当可观，这恰恰是历来经办财政的长官都没有注意到的一笔收入。没过几天，总税务司就“签付支票关银四百馀万两”。北洋政府得到这笔巨款，终于化解了财政危局。</span></p><p style="vertical-align: inherit; outline: 0px; clear: both; min-height: 1em; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="outline: 0px; color: rgb(109, 109, 109); font-size: 14px; box-sizing: border-box !important;"> 孙仲山乘胜追击，又先后搜集出海关历年藏而未露的税款，数额达一千多万两。至此，因为孙仲山的“财政专长”，张作霖主宰的北洋政府，未捐一文，未募一债，国库徒然增收达二千余万，安然度过财政危机，这不能不说是一个理财奇迹。</span></p><p style="vertical-align: inherit; outline: 0px; clear: both; min-height: 1em; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><br></p><p style="vertical-align: inherit; outline: 0px; clear: both; min-height: 1em; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><br></p><p style="vertical-align: inherit; outline: 0px; clear: both; min-height: 1em; text-align: center; box-sizing: border-box !important;" align="center"><strong style="outline: 0px; color: rgb(189, 116, 33); box-sizing: border-box !important;"></strong><strong style="outline: 0px; color: rgb(189, 116, 33); box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="outline: 0px; font-size: 14px; box-sizing: border-box !important;">履厉尽显理财特长</span></strong></p><p style="vertical-align: inherit; outline: 0px; clear: both; min-height: 1em; text-align: center; box-sizing: border-box !important;" align="center"><br></p><p style="vertical-align: inherit; outline: 0px; clear: both; min-height: 1em; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="outline: 0px; font-size: 14px; color: rgb(109, 109, 109); box-sizing: border-box !important;"> 孙仲山晚年的自撰简历，最能反映他在理财方面的诸多建树：</span></p><p style="vertical-align: inherit; outline: 0px; clear: both; min-height: 1em; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="outline: 0px; font-size: 14px; color: rgb(109, 109, 109); box-sizing: border-box !important;"> 光绪三十一年，办理两淮盐捐出力，保升知府。参赞各国商约事务得力，奏报以道员，仍留原省补用。三十三年，奉旨调福建办理洋务，整理茶木税捐出力，奏保军机处存记，遇缺即放。三十四年，奏调民政部丞参上行走。宣统元年，奏派福建驻京赈捐局总办。二年，奉旨为江皖账务公所正提调。三年，奉旨为四川宣慰使兼办团练事宜。民国元年，总办直隶省高线铁路。三年，密保以巡按使存记。四年，保举人才，以道尹存记，特交内务部任用。又以财政专长，以财政厅长關监督，交政事堂存记。五年，为大总统府顾问。六年，任命四川赈务会办。七年，创办大中银行，选举为总经理。八年，聘任农商部顾问，币制局顾问。十年，聘任盐务署顾问，两湖巡阅使公署顾问，湖北省长公署顾问。十一年，创办京兆全蜀鸿丰矿务公司，聘任国务院顾问。十二年，组织豫泰(太)公司，包办长芦盐务运销河南商淮岸五县。十三年，聘任四川督军公署顾问，省长公署顾问。十六年，聘任财政部高等顾问，税务处高等顾问，八国庚款委员会副委员长。十九年，组织汝襄公司，承办长芦盐务运销河南襄城岸八县汝光岸十四县。</span></p><p style="vertical-align: inherit; outline: 0px; clear: both; min-height: 1em; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="outline: 0px; font-size: 14px; color: rgb(109, 109, 109); box-sizing: border-box !important;"> 从这份简历看，办理两淮盐捐、参赞各国商约事务、整理福建茶木税捐、民政部丞参上行走、福建驻京赈捐局总办、江皖赈务公所正提调、总办直隶省高线铁路、财政厅长關监督、大总统府顾问、四川赈务会办、农商部顾问、币制局顾问、盐务署顾问、两湖巡阅使公署顾问、湖北省长公署顾问、国务院顾问、四川督军公署顾问、四川省长公署顾问、财政部高等顾问、税务处高等顾问、八国庚款委员会副委员长等二十馀项职务，无一不与理财有关，无一不显示孙仲山的“财政专长”。看来，称孙仲山为近代中国的理财圣手，绝非虚言，良有以也。</span></p></section></section><section style="outline: 0px; color: rgb(34, 34, 34); font-size: 17px; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: center; line-height: normal; font-family: -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><br style="outline: 0px; box-sizing: border-box !important;"></section><section style="outline: 0px; color: rgb(34, 34, 34); font-size: 17px; letter-spacing: 0.544px; font-family: -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="outline: 0px; font-size: 12px; color: rgb(178, 178, 178); box-sizing: border-box !important;">| 来源：《乐游长寿》杂志</span></section><section class="_135editor" data-role="paragraph"><p style="vertical-align:inherit;"><br></p></section></section> <!----></div><!----> 名人{:4_193:}{:4_193:}{:4_193:}{:4_197:}{:4_197:}{:4_197:}{:4_197:}
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