【长寿人文】长寿有个孙仲山｜交游天下
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font-size: 16px; visibility: visible; box-sizing: border-box !important;">交游天下</span></section></section><section style="outline: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; visibility: visible;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box; outline: 0px; width: 5px; height: 2px; border-radius: 0px 0px 3px 3px; float: left; background-color: rgb(218, 203, 158); overflow: hidden; visibility: visible;"><br style="outline: 0px; visibility: visible; box-sizing: border-box !important;"></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box; outline: 0px; width: 5px; height: 2px; border-radius: 0px 0px 3px 3px; float: right; background-color: rgb(218, 203, 158); overflow: hidden; visibility: visible;"><br style="outline: 0px; visibility: visible; box-sizing: border-box !important;"></section><section style="outline: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; clear: both; height: 0px; overflow: hidden; visibility: visible;"><br style="outline: 0px; visibility: visible; box-sizing: border-box !important;"></section></section></section></section></section><section data-tools="135编辑器" data-id="89069" style="outline: 0px; color: rgb(34, 34, 34); font-size: 17px; letter-spacing: 0.544px; visibility: visible; font-family: -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; box-sizing: border-box !important;" class="_135editor"><section style="margin: 10px auto; padding: 1.5em; outline: 0px; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; box-shadow: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.3) 0px 1px 4px, rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.1) 0px 0px 40px inset; visibility: visible; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><p style="vertical-align: inherit; outline: 0px; clear: both; min-height: 1em; text-align: center; visibility: visible; box-sizing: border-box !important;" align="center"><strong style="outline: 0px; visibility: visible; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="outline: 0px; font-size: 14px; color: rgb(189, 116, 33); visibility: visible; box-sizing: border-box !important;">祝寿文集的封面题字</span></strong><br style="outline: 0px; visibility: visible; box-sizing: border-box !important;"></p><section style="outline: 0px; text-align: center; line-height: normal; visibility: visible; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><br style="outline: 0px; visibility: visible; box-sizing: border-box !important;"></section><p style="vertical-align: inherit; outline: 0px; clear: both; min-height: 1em; visibility: visible; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="outline: 0px; font-size: 14px; color: rgb(109, 109, 109); visibility: visible; box-sizing: border-box !important;"> 《长寿无量录》，这是当今读者十分陌生的一本著作，收录于国家图书馆编辑的大型历史传记丛书《中华历史人物别传集》第84册之中。</span></p><p style="vertical-align: inherit; outline: 0px; clear: both; min-height: 1em; visibility: visible; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="outline: 0px; font-size: 14px; color: rgb(109, 109, 109); visibility: visible; box-sizing: border-box !important;"> 1936年5月24日，孙仲山在北京度过六十大寿，亲朋故旧，纷纷向孙仲山祝寿。寿礼结束，“得文十余首，诗百余篇，其它楹帖榜幛无算。”孙仲山的朋友大学者傅增湘等人，将这些作品辑为一编，因孙仲山老家在四川省长寿县，又旅居北京的无量大人胡同(京剧大师梅兰芳故宅也在该胡同内)，于是合而名之曰《长寿无量录》。</span></p><p style="vertical-align: inherit; outline: 0px; clear: both; min-height: 1em; visibility: visible; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="outline: 0px; font-size: 14px; color: rgb(109, 109, 109); visibility: visible; box-sizing: border-box !important;"> 作为一部历史人物祝寿文集，《长寿无量录》能够收入《中华历史人物别传集》这部集中华数千年历史人物传记大成的煌煌巨著，孙仲山的历史价值显然不言而喻。</span></p><p style="vertical-align: inherit; outline: 0px; clear: both; min-height: 1em; visibility: visible; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="outline: 0px; font-size: 14px; color: rgb(109, 109, 109); visibility: visible; box-sizing: border-box !important;"> 该书的封面题字就与众不同，显得特别抢眼。“长寿无量录”五个大字全是笔力雄健的大篆，既珠圆玉润，又古意苍然，一看就是大手笔。再看书名题字的落款，则赫然写着“邻水李准题”。</span></p><p style="vertical-align: inherit; outline: 0px; clear: both; min-height: 1em; visibility: visible; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="outline: 0px; font-size: 14px; color: rgb(109, 109, 109); visibility: visible; box-sizing: border-box !important;"> 李准(1871-1936年)，四川省邻水县人。清末任广东水师提督，署理(代理)两广总督。李准是中国百年来维护南海诸岛主权最有力的海军高级将领。宣统元年(1909年)，率官兵170余人，前往西沙查勘，探明岛屿15座，并逐一命名，勒石于珊瑚石上，升旗鸣炮，宣告西沙群岛为中国领土。至今，西沙群岛的邻水岛就是用李准的籍贯命名的。其所著《广东水师国防要塞图说》，目前仍是中国政府用以证明对东沙、西沙等海岛主权的重要文献。</span></p><p style="vertical-align: inherit; outline: 0px; clear: both; min-height: 1em; visibility: visible; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><br></p><p style="vertical-align: inherit; outline: 0px; clear: both; min-height: 1em; text-align: center; visibility: visible; box-sizing: border-box !important;" align="center"></p><p style="vertical-align: inherit; outline: 0px; clear: both; min-height: 1em; visibility: visible; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="outline: 0px; font-size: 12px; color: rgb(178, 178, 178); visibility: visible; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="outline: 0px; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: left; visibility: visible; box-sizing: border-box !important;">■</span>著名爱国将领清末水师提督李准为孙仲山祝寿文集《长寿无量录》题写的书名</span></p><p style="vertical-align: inherit; outline: 0px; clear: both; min-height: 1em; visibility: visible; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><br></p><section style="outline: 0px; text-align: center; line-height: normal; visibility: visible; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="outline: 0px; color: rgb(189, 116, 33); visibility: visible; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><strong style="outline: 0px; visibility: visible; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="outline: 0px; font-size: 14px; visibility: visible; box-sizing: border-box !important;">题赠匾联的风云人物</span></strong></span></section><p style="vertical-align: inherit; outline: 0px; clear: both; min-height: 1em; line-height: normal; visibility: visible; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><br></p><p style="vertical-align: inherit; outline: 0px; clear: both; min-height: 1em; visibility: visible; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="outline: 0px; font-size: 14px; color: rgb(109, 109, 109); visibility: visible; box-sizing: border-box !important;"> 翻开《长寿无量录》正文，笔墨饱满、装裱精工的三块寿匾和一副寿联立即映入眼帘，让人眼睛徒然一亮。特别是落款中的名字，更让人不胜唏嘘。</span></p><p style="vertical-align: inherit; outline: 0px; clear: both; min-height: 1em; visibility: visible; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="outline: 0px; font-size: 14px; color: rgb(109, 109, 109); visibility: visible; box-sizing: border-box !important;"> 第一块寿匾“硕德耆年”，是段祺瑞题赠的。这段祺瑞，可是尽人皆知的大人物，有“三造共和”的美誉。一生清正耿介，颇具人格魅力，号称“六不理总理”。</span></p><p style="vertical-align: inherit; outline: 0px; clear: both; min-height: 1em; visibility: visible; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="outline: 0px; font-size: 14px; color: rgb(109, 109, 109); visibility: visible; box-sizing: border-box !important;"> 第二块寿匾“图开花甲”，是吴佩孚题赠的，附有“仲山仁兄六旬正寿”的题款。这吴佩孚也是近代史上大名鼎鼎的人物。晚年定居北京，抗日战争期间，因爱国不就伪职，被日军谋杀。</span></p><p style="vertical-align: inherit; outline: 0px; clear: both; min-height: 1em; visibility: visible; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="outline: 0px; font-size: 14px; color: rgb(109, 109, 109); visibility: visible; box-sizing: border-box !important;"> 第三块寿匾“天锡纯嘏”，是班禅额尔德尼题赠的，附款为“仲山协理六十寿”。“天锡纯嘏”，是一句古老的祝福语，是天赐洪福之意。这里的班禅额尔德尼，是九世班禅，即班禅额尔德尼·曲吉尼玛(1883-1937年)，是藏传佛教两大首领之一。九世班禅向孙仲山题赠匾额，当与孙仲山对佛教文化的大力资助有关。</span></p><p style="vertical-align: inherit; outline: 0px; clear: both; min-height: 1em; visibility: visible; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="outline: 0px; font-size: 14px; color: rgb(109, 109, 109); visibility: visible; box-sizing: border-box !important;"> 段祺瑞对孙仲山的六十寿辰显然十分重视。除了题赠“硕德耆年”的寿匾，还特意题写一副寿联:“寿世旧称安国史;传家新著履斋编。”附款为“仲山先生六十寿言”。安国史，指汉武帝时孔安国发现的古文尚书。履斋编，指南宋孙奕的《履斋示儿编》，是教育子孙的经典。段祺瑞的寿联，称颂孙仲山的道德功名，好比是新写成的《履斋示儿编》，可以传诸子孙后代。</span></p><section style="outline: 0px; line-height: normal; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><p style="vertical-align: inherit; outline: 0px; font-size: 14px; color: rgb(109, 109, 109); box-sizing: border-box !important;"><br></p></section><section data-tools="135编辑器" data-id="2280" style="outline: 0px; box-sizing: border-box !important;" class="_135editor"><section style="margin-right: auto; margin-left: auto; outline: 0px; display: flex; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><section data-width="50%" style="box-sizing: border-box; padding-right: 0.1em; outline: 0px; max-width: 50%; width: 50%; display: inline-block;"></section><section data-width="50%" style="box-sizing: border-box; padding-left: 0.1em; outline: 0px; max-width: 50%; width: 50%; display: inline-block;"></section><section style="outline: 0px; clear: both; height: 0px; overflow: hidden; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><br style="outline: 0px; box-sizing: border-box !important;"></section></section></section><section data-role="paragraph" style="outline: 0px; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><p style="outline: 0px; clear: both; min-height: 1em; vertical-align: inherit; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="outline: 0px; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: left; font-size: 12px; color: rgb(178, 178, 178); box-sizing: border-box !important;">■九世班禅、段祺瑞、吴佩孚等历史名人为孙仲山六十大寿题赠的匾额、楹联</span></p></section><section style="outline: 0px; text-align: center; line-height: normal; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><br style="outline: 0px; box-sizing: border-box !important;"></section><p style="vertical-align: inherit; outline: 0px; clear: both; min-height: 1em; text-align: center; box-sizing: border-box !important;" align="center"><strong style="outline: 0px; color: rgb(189, 116, 33); box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="outline: 0px; font-size: 14px; box-sizing: border-box !important;">从政两导师</span></strong><br style="outline: 0px; box-sizing: border-box !important;"></p><p style="vertical-align: inherit; outline: 0px; clear: both; min-height: 1em; text-align: center; box-sizing: border-box !important;" align="center"><br></p><p style="vertical-align: inherit; outline: 0px; clear: both; min-height: 1em; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="outline: 0px; font-size: 14px; color: rgb(109, 109, 109); box-sizing: border-box !important;"> 孙仲山弃商从政后，有两位重要的指导老师，一是恽毓鼎，一是那桐。</span></p><p style="vertical-align: inherit; outline: 0px; clear: both; min-height: 1em; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="outline: 0px; font-size: 14px; color: rgb(109, 109, 109); box-sizing: border-box !important;"> 恽毓鼎(1862-1917年)，字澄斋，河北大兴人。光绪十五年(1889年)进士，担任晚清宫廷史官达十九年之久。恽毓鼎长期近距离观察慈禧、光绪及朝廷大臣的言行，对朝廷内部事务了如指掌。这样一位地位特殊、德高望重的重臣，对于初入政坛的孙仲山无疑是异常重要的。从新近出版的《澄斋日记》看，至少1905年之前，恽毓鼎与孙仲山就确定了师生关系。孙仲山经常拜访恽毓鼎，向其请教，每次离开京城南下，都要向恽毓鼎辞行，回到京城，必去拜望。孙仲山还通过蜀中高僧了明法师，为恽毓鼎测算政治前途。恽毓鼎也曾经到孙仲山的住所看望，并为孙仲山协调赈捐垫款事宜。</span></p><p style="vertical-align: inherit; outline: 0px; clear: both; min-height: 1em; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="outline: 0px; font-size: 14px; color: rgb(109, 109, 109); box-sizing: border-box !important;"> 那桐(1856-1925年)，晚清“旗下三才子”之一，是中国近代史上的一位重要人物，在清末光绪、宣统年间先后充任户部尚书、外务部尚书、总理衙门大臣、军机大臣、内阁协理大臣等，并兼任过京师步军统领(九门提督)和管理工巡局事务。八国联军侵犯北京，慈禧西逃，那桐充任留京办事大臣，随奕劻、李鸿章与联军议和。孙仲山弃商从政之初，曾经拜中堂大人那桐为老师。</span></p><section style="outline: 0px; line-height: normal; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><br style="outline: 0px; box-sizing: border-box !important;"></section><p style="vertical-align: inherit; outline: 0px; clear: both; min-height: 1em; text-align: center; box-sizing: border-box !important;" align="center"></p><p style="vertical-align: inherit; outline: 0px; clear: both; min-height: 1em; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="outline: 0px; color: rgb(178, 178, 178); font-size: 12px; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: left; box-sizing: border-box !important;">■题写清华园三字的那桐，曾经是孙仲山从政的老师</span><span style="outline: 0px; font-size: 14px; color: rgb(109, 109, 109); box-sizing: border-box !important;"></span></p><p style="vertical-align: inherit; outline: 0px; clear: both; min-height: 1em; text-align: center; box-sizing: border-box !important;" align="center"><br></p><p style="vertical-align: inherit; outline: 0px; clear: both; min-height: 1em; text-align: center; box-sizing: border-box !important;" align="center"><strong style="outline: 0px; color: rgb(189, 116, 33); box-sizing: border-box !important;"></strong></p><p style="vertical-align: inherit; outline: 0px; clear: both; min-height: 1em; text-align: center; box-sizing: border-box !important;" align="center"><strong style="outline: 0px; color: rgb(189, 116, 33); box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="outline: 0px; font-size: 14px; box-sizing: border-box !important;">平生四伯乐</span></strong></p><p style="vertical-align: inherit; outline: 0px; clear: both; min-height: 1em; text-align: center; line-height: normal; box-sizing: border-box !important;" align="center"><br></p><p style="vertical-align: inherit; outline: 0px; clear: both; min-height: 1em; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="outline: 0px; font-size: 14px; color: rgb(109, 109, 109); box-sizing: border-box !important;"> 除了两位老师外，对孙仲山的政治生涯乃至后来兴办实业均有重大影响的，还有四位伯乐，分别是袁世凯、端方、盛宣怀、松寿。</span></p><p style="vertical-align: inherit; outline: 0px; clear: both; min-height: 1em; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="outline: 0px; font-size: 14px; color: rgb(109, 109, 109); box-sizing: border-box !important;"> 袁世凯(1859-1916年)刚任直隶总督不久，就启用孙仲山办理顺直赈捐，并取得成功，由此造就了孙仲山理财能手的社会影响，奠定了孙仲山理财报国的人生基础。武昌起义之后，孙仲山奉命回川担任宣慰使并组织团练，在宜昌险遭不测之祸，全赖袁世凯申令黎元洪，方才化险为夷。孙仲山弃政还商，接办高线铁路，得到了袁世凯的大力支持。袁世凯任大总统期间，因与孙仲山有旧，“特召密谈国是良久”。袁世凯的一个孙女，家住天津，人称桂姐，后来成为孙仲山的干女儿，且与孙仲山子女有深交。</span></p><p style="vertical-align: inherit; outline: 0px; clear: both; min-height: 1em; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="outline: 0px; font-size: 14px; color: rgb(109, 109, 109); box-sizing: border-box !important;"> 端方(1861-1911年)，清末重臣，历督湖广、两江、闽浙，宣统元年调直隶总督，川汉、粤汉铁路督办，入川镇压保路运动，为起义新军所杀。据恽毓鼎《澄斋日记》光绪三十四年(公元1908年)十月三十日载：“致端午帅书，交孙仲山带。”恽毓鼎致端方的私人信函，交给孙仲山带回南京，既可见恽毓鼎对孙仲山的信任，又可见端方与孙仲山的交情。</span></p><p style="vertical-align: inherit; outline: 0px; clear: both; min-height: 1em; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="outline: 0px; font-size: 14px; color: rgb(109, 109, 109); box-sizing: border-box !important;"> 盛宣怀(1844-1916年)，洋务派代表人物，著名政治家、企业家和慈善家，被誉为“中国实业之父”和“中国商父”，曾经创造了11项“中国第一”。1905年10月和1906年5月，中德、中意商务谈判先后在上海举行，盛宣怀和吕海寰是中方谈判的主持者，孙仲山以随员身份出席。盛宣怀“识君于稠人广坐之中，以大器相期”。</span></p><p style="vertical-align: inherit; outline: 0px; clear: both; min-height: 1em; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="outline: 0px; font-size: 14px; color: rgb(109, 109, 109); box-sizing: border-box !important;"> 松寿(?-1911年)，满洲正白旗人，曾任闽浙总督。辛亥革命中，吞金自杀。孙仲山初办赈务于直隶，后理财政于两江，成就斐然，名声大振，各地督抚，竞相延揽。当时的闽浙总督松寿，向朝廷上奏，要求调孙仲山赴闽会办财政局兼榷茶木两税。</span></p><p style="vertical-align: inherit; outline: 0px; clear: both; min-height: 1em; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><br></p><p style="vertical-align: inherit; outline: 0px; clear: both; min-height: 1em; text-align: center; box-sizing: border-box !important;" align="center"></p><p style="vertical-align: inherit; outline: 0px; clear: both; min-height: 1em; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="outline: 0px; font-size: 12px; color: rgb(178, 178, 178); box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="outline: 0px; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: left; box-sizing: border-box !important;">■</span>袁世凯是发现孙仲山的第一个伯乐</span></p><section data-role="paragraph" style="outline: 0px; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><p style="outline: 0px; clear: both; min-height: 1em; vertical-align: inherit; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><br></p><section data-id="3587" data-tools="135编辑器" style="outline: 0px; box-sizing: border-box !important;" class="_135editor"><section style="margin: 1px auto; outline: 0px; display: flex; justify-content: space-between; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><section data-width="100%" style="box-sizing: border-box; outline: 0px; width: 100%;"><p style="outline: 0px; clear: both; min-height: 1em; vertical-align: inherit; line-height: normal; box-sizing: border-box !important;"></p></section><section data-width="100%" style="box-sizing: border-box; margin-right: 5px; margin-left: 5px; outline: 0px; width: 100%;"><p style="outline: 0px; clear: both; min-height: 1em; vertical-align: inherit; line-height: normal; box-sizing: border-box !important;"></p></section><section data-width="100%" style="box-sizing: border-box; outline: 0px; width: 100%;"><p style="outline: 0px; clear: both; min-height: 1em; vertical-align: inherit; line-height: normal; box-sizing: border-box !important;"></p></section></section></section><section data-role="paragraph" style="outline: 0px; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><p style="outline: 0px; clear: both; min-height: 1em; vertical-align: inherit; line-height: normal; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="outline: 0px; color: rgb(178, 178, 178); font-size: 12px; text-align: left; letter-spacing: 0.544px; box-sizing: border-box !important;">■</span><span style="outline: 0px; color: rgb(178, 178, 178); font-size: 12px; text-align: left; box-sizing: border-box !important;">端方、松寿、恽毓鼎，都是孙仲山的伯乐</span><span style="outline: 0px; color: rgb(109, 109, 109); font-size: 14px; box-sizing: border-box !important;"></span></p></section></section></section></section><section style="outline: 0px; color: rgb(34, 34, 34); font-size: 17px; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: center; line-height: normal; font-family: -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><br style="outline: 0px; box-sizing: border-box !important;"></section><section style="outline: 0px; color: rgb(34, 34, 34); font-size: 17px; letter-spacing: 0.544px; font-family: -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="outline: 0px; font-size: 12px; color: rgb(178, 178, 178); box-sizing: border-box !important;">| 来源：《乐游长寿》杂志</span></section><section class="_135editor" data-role="paragraph"><p style="vertical-align:inherit;"><br></p></section></section> <!----></div><!----> 确实{:4_197:}{:4_197:}{:4_197:}{:4_197:}{:4_197:}
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