【长寿人文】陶澍眼中的长寿山水
<!----><style type="text/css">html{font-size:375%}</style><link href="https://pic.app.hicsq.com/static/publish/css/style.css?v=1605251010487" rel="stylesheet" position="1" data-qf-origin="/static/publish/css/style.css?v=1605251010487"><div class="preview_article "> <!----> <section data-role="outer" label="Powered by 135editor.com"><section data-tools="135编辑器" data-id="89069" style="outline: 0px; color: rgb(34, 34, 34); font-size: 17px; letter-spacing: 0.544px; visibility: visible; font-family: -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; box-sizing: border-box !important;" class="_135editor"><section style="margin: 10px auto; padding: 1.5em; outline: 0px; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; box-shadow: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.3) 0px 1px 4px, rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.1) 0px 0px 40px inset; visibility: visible; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><section style="margin-right: 48px; margin-left: 48px; outline: 0px; text-align: center; visibility: visible; box-sizing: border-box !important;"></section><p style="vertical-align: inherit; outline: 0px; clear: both; min-height: 1em; visibility: visible; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><br></p><p style="vertical-align: inherit; outline: 0px; clear: both; min-height: 1em; visibility: visible; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="outline: 0px; font-size: 14px; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); visibility: visible; box-sizing: border-box !important;"> 长寿的奇山异水能够同大名鼎鼎的陶澍建立起联系，无疑是长寿旅游的一大幸事，值得引以为荣。</span></p><p style="vertical-align: inherit; outline: 0px; clear: both; min-height: 1em; visibility: visible; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="outline: 0px; font-size: 14px; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); visibility: visible; box-sizing: border-box !important;"> 名人诗文，往往是一个地方绝好的形象宣传利器。王羲之写会稽兰亭“此地有崇山峻岭，茂林修竹，又有清流激湍，映带左右”；王勃写滕王阁“落霞与孤鹜齐飞，秋水共长天一色”；李白写长江三峡“两岸猿声啼不住，轻舟已过万重山”；范仲淹写洞庭湖“衔远山，吞长江，浩浩汤汤，横无际涯，朝晖夕阴，气象万千”；柳永写杭州“有三秋桂子，十里荷花”；苏轼写黄州赤壁“清风徐来，水波不兴”；孙髯翁写昆明“四围香稻，万顷晴沙，九夏芙蓉，三春杨柳”；刘凤诰写济南“四面荷花三面柳，一城山色半城湖”等等，都是诗文为山水增色壮彩的典范。</span></p><p style="vertical-align: inherit; outline: 0px; clear: both; min-height: 1em; visibility: visible; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="outline: 0px; font-size: 14px; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); visibility: visible; box-sizing: border-box !important;"> 历代名人写长寿的诗文不少，但真正叫得响、记得住、能为长寿山水增色的句子，却并不多见，我们常常引以为憾。不过，有一首作品，虽然《长寿县志》从未收录，且一直远离我们的视野，但完全可以作为我们宣传长寿旅游形象的重要依据。</span></p><p style="vertical-align: inherit; outline: 0px; clear: both; min-height: 1em; visibility: visible; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="outline: 0px; font-size: 14px; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); visibility: visible; box-sizing: border-box !important;"> 这就是清朝名臣陶澍的《长寿县》一诗。为便于理解这首作品的内容，不妨先了解一下陶澍其人及此诗写作的时代背景。</span></p><p style="vertical-align: inherit; outline: 0px; clear: both; min-height: 1em; visibility: visible; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="outline: 0px; font-size: 14px; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); visibility: visible; box-sizing: border-box !important;"> 陶澍(1779-1839)，字云汀，湖南省安化县小淹镇人，清代著名改革家、理财家、爱国者。初任翰林院编修，后升御史，先后调任山西、四川、福建、安徽等省布政使和巡抚，最后官至两江总督，统辖苏、皖、赣三省，兼两淮盐政，督办盐务、海运，是掌管清朝东南半壁江山的一代重臣。</span></p><p style="vertical-align: inherit; outline: 0px; clear: both; min-height: 1em; visibility: visible; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="outline: 0px; font-size: 14px; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); visibility: visible; box-sizing: border-box !important;"> 鸦片战争前，陶澍是中国改革派的核心人物，被史学家誉为开启中国近代史的政治家。</span></p><p style="vertical-align: inherit; outline: 0px; clear: both; min-height: 1em; visibility: visible; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="outline: 0px; font-size: 14px; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); visibility: visible; box-sizing: border-box !important;"> 陶澍督抚两江，锐意改革，发展经济，成就卓著，声名远播，当时的道光皇帝称之为“干国良臣”，对他“实有厚望焉。”不仅如此，陶澍还善于发现培养经世改革之才。诸如林则徐、贺长龄、梁章钜、魏源、龚自珍、左宗棠、胡林翼等，都曾在中国近代史上建功立业，大放异彩。特别是湘军统帅曾国藩，一向服膺陶澍为人为官之道且深受其影响。前人评价“国藩之成就，亦赖陶澍之喤引尔”。近代中国改革人才蔚起，群星灿烂，多赖陶澍对经世致用的提倡，而陶澍在这个人才群体中乃“黄河之昆仑、大江之岷也。”</span></p><p style="vertical-align: inherit; outline: 0px; clear: both; min-height: 1em; visibility: visible; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="outline: 0px; font-size: 14px; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); visibility: visible; box-sizing: border-box !important;"> 陶澍深受湖湘文化的熏陶沾溉，既重义理，又重经世，引领了宋明理学的一次改造转型，而且能文能诗，书画兼长，一生手不释卷，留下不少佳作。其大作《陶渊明集辑注》，是研究陶渊明的集大成之作，素为学界爱重。</span></p><p style="vertical-align: inherit; outline: 0px; clear: both; min-height: 1em; visibility: visible; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="outline: 0px; font-size: 14px; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); visibility: visible; box-sizing: border-box !important;"> 陶澍一生，曾经两度入川任职。第一次是嘉庆十四年(公元1809年)，任四川乡试副主考。第二次是嘉庆二十四年(公元1819年)，陶澍四十四岁，任川东兵备道于重庆，这是陶澍第一次担任地方实职。</span></p><p style="vertical-align: inherit; outline: 0px; clear: both; min-height: 1em; visibility: visible; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="outline: 0px; font-size: 14px; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); visibility: visible; box-sizing: border-box !important;"> 兵备道始设于明朝，职能是整饬兵备，到清代，则演变成军政合一组织。陆澍任川东兵备道一年，名满全川，政声远扬，为其后来的政治生涯奠定了良好基础。</span></p><p style="vertical-align: inherit; outline: 0px; clear: both; min-height: 1em; visibility: visible; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="outline: 0px; font-size: 14px; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); visibility: visible; box-sizing: border-box !important;"> 今见于《陶文靖公集》的《长寿县》一诗，作于任职重庆的川东兵备道期间。原诗如下:</span></p><p style="vertical-align: inherit; outline: 0px; clear: both; min-height: 1em; visibility: visible; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="outline: 0px; font-size: 14px; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); visibility: visible; box-sizing: border-box !important;"> 水曲流巴字，山长幻寿文。</span></p><p style="vertical-align: inherit; outline: 0px; clear: both; min-height: 1em; visibility: visible; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="outline: 0px; font-size: 14px; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); visibility: visible; box-sizing: border-box !important;"> 峰峦曾不断，点画若为分。</span></p><p style="vertical-align: inherit; outline: 0px; clear: both; min-height: 1em; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="outline: 0px; font-size: 14px; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box !important;"> 毅魄嗟猿化，炎黎尚鸟耘。</span></p><p style="vertical-align: inherit; outline: 0px; clear: both; min-height: 1em; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="outline: 0px; font-size: 14px; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box !important;"> 悬崖碉砦满，指点认斜曛。</span></p><p style="vertical-align: inherit; outline: 0px; clear: both; min-height: 1em; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><br></p><section style="margin-right: 48px; margin-left: 48px; outline: 0px; text-align: center; box-sizing: border-box !important;"></section><p style="vertical-align: inherit; outline: 0px; clear: both; min-height: 1em; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="outline: 0px; font-size: 14px; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box !important;"></span></p><p style="vertical-align: inherit; outline: 0px; clear: both; min-height: 1em; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="outline: 0px; font-size: 14px; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box !important;"> 首联两句，是对长寿山水形胜的绝佳描写。大江西来，水势回环，流动出鲜活的巴字(小篆巴字形如蛇身之弯曲)；群山纠纷，山脉绵延，变幻出宛如寿字的图案。短短十字，生动逼真，穷形尽相，神韵天成，足以说明长寿湖“天赐寿岛”的出现，绝非偶然，而是造化所赐，由来已久。</span></p><p style="vertical-align: inherit; outline: 0px; clear: both; min-height: 1em; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="outline: 0px; font-size: 14px; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box !important;"> 颔联，写长寿之山峦连绵，简直难以割断。“峰峦曾不断”，犹如郦道元《水经注》写三峡的句子“两岸连山，略无阙处”。“点画若为分”，既然峰峦相连，绵延不断，要想运用点画的技法，把连绵不绝的山势分割开来，怎么可能办到呢?</span></p><p style="vertical-align: inherit; outline: 0px; clear: both; min-height: 1em; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="outline: 0px; font-size: 14px; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box !important;"> 颈联，写山地民众生活之艰辛。“毅魄嗟猿化”，意谓民众艰苦顽强行于险峻山路，其行进之状仿佛猿猴变化而来，令人嗟叹。毅魄，源于楚辞“魂魄毅兮为鬼雄”，本指英灵，此处代指坚毅顽强的山民。“炎黎尚鸟耘”，以山民除草动作之迅疾，突出当地民风之质实朴劲。</span></p><p style="vertical-align: inherit; outline: 0px; clear: both; min-height: 1em; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="outline: 0px; font-size: 14px; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box !important;"> 尾联，写战争之后的衰败景象。“悬崖碉砦满”，是说悬崖峭壁之上，到处是石头砌成的碉堡式山寨，可见民生环境之恶劣。砦，即寨。此前川楚白莲教起义，老百姓被迫“筑堡御贼”，因而长寿至今称寨的地名比比皆是。“指点认斜曛”，夕阳余辉之下，指点着满目疮痍的碉寨，其忧国忧民之情跃然纸上，这是寓情于景的写法。</span></p><p style="vertical-align: inherit; outline: 0px; clear: both; min-height: 1em; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="outline: 0px; font-size: 14px; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box !important;"> 尽管，诗的结尾是苍凉沉郁的，但诗的开头却是长寿山水魅力的画龙点睛之笔，有利于提升长寿的形象。作为中华长寿文化圣地，长寿不仅拥有雄奇灵异的山水，更有深厚独特的长寿文化底蕴，陶澍作为影响深远的杰出人物和著名学者，他的这首诗，无疑是对长寿旅游文化底蕴的一个绝妙揭示，具有很高的传播推广价值。</span></p><p style="vertical-align: inherit; outline: 0px; clear: both; min-height: 1em; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="outline: 0px; font-size: 14px; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box !important;"> 山水为人文奠基，人文为山水增彩。“水曲流巴字，山长幻寿文”的名句，出自声名显隆的陶澍笔下，融山水景观与人文底蕴为一体，文词清丽，对仗精工，堪称长寿旅游极为珍贵的历史文化资源，恰可与“长寿人人向往”的宣传语相互增色，相得益彰。</span></p><p style="vertical-align: inherit; outline: 0px; clear: both; min-height: 1em; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="outline: 0px; font-size: 14px; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box !important;"> 但愿，这句诗能够从此成为长寿形象宣传的日常用语而广为流传。</span></p><p style="vertical-align: inherit; outline: 0px; clear: both; min-height: 1em; text-align: center; box-sizing: border-box !important;" align="center"></p><p style="vertical-align: inherit; outline: 0px; clear: both; min-height: 1em; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="outline: 0px; color: rgb(178, 178, 178); font-size: 12px; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: left; box-sizing: border-box !important;">■水流宛转，岛镶寿字，应验了“水曲流巴字，山水幻寿文”的绝唱。</span></p></section></section><section style="outline: 0px; color: rgb(34, 34, 34); font-size: 17px; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: center; line-height: normal; font-family: -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><br style="outline: 0px; box-sizing: border-box !important;"></section><section style="outline: 0px; color: rgb(34, 34, 34); font-size: 17px; letter-spacing: 0.544px; font-family: -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="outline: 0px; font-size: 12px; color: rgb(178, 178, 178); box-sizing: border-box !important;">| 来源：《乐游长寿》杂志</span></section></section> <!----></div><!---->
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