【长寿人文】秦妇丹台 刁斗银钩——曹学佺笔下的长寿人文影像
<!----><style type="text/css">html{font-size:375%}</style><link href="https://pic.app.hicsq.com/static/publish/css/style.css?v=1605251010487" rel="stylesheet" position="1" data-qf-origin="/static/publish/css/style.css?v=1605251010487"><div class="preview_article "> <!----> <section data-role="outer" label="Powered by 135editor.com"><section data-tools="135编辑器" data-id="89069" style="outline: 0px; color: rgb(34, 34, 34); font-size: 17px; letter-spacing: 0.544px; visibility: visible; font-family: -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; box-sizing: border-box !important;" class="_135editor"><section style="margin: 10px auto; padding: 1.5em; outline: 0px; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; box-shadow: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.3) 0px 1px 4px, rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.1) 0px 0px 40px inset; visibility: visible; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><p style="vertical-align: inherit; outline: 0px; clear: both; min-height: 1em; text-align: center; visibility: visible; box-sizing: border-box !important;" align="center"></p><section style="outline: 0px; line-height: normal; visibility: visible; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><p style="vertical-align: inherit; outline: 0px; font-size: 14px; color: rgb(109, 109, 109); visibility: visible; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><br></p></section><p style="vertical-align: inherit; outline: 0px; clear: both; min-height: 1em; visibility: visible; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="outline: 0px; font-size: 14px; color: rgb(109, 109, 109); visibility: visible; box-sizing: border-box !important;"> 一个地方的风景名胜，一旦写入诗作，广为传诵，其优美的意象就会长久地镌刻在读者心底，引发人们持久的喜爱和热切的向往。</span><br style="outline: 0px; visibility: visible; box-sizing: border-box !important;"></p><p style="vertical-align: inherit; outline: 0px; clear: both; min-height: 1em; visibility: visible; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="outline: 0px; font-size: 14px; color: rgb(109, 109, 109); visibility: visible; box-sizing: border-box !important;"> 古代文人的宦游生涯，往往是诗歌创作的源泉。各地的山川、风物、历史、人文，与个人遭际、心绪、情感、志趣等每每相互触发，引发内心的一份感动，于是抒写胸臆，化而为诗。曹学佺的《涪州》，就是这样的作品。</span></p><p style="vertical-align: inherit; outline: 0px; clear: both; min-height: 1em; visibility: visible; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="outline: 0px; font-size: 14px; color: rgb(109, 109, 109); visibility: visible; box-sizing: border-box !important;"> 曹学佺（1574年－1646年），明末大学者、文学家、剧作家、藏书家，福建福州府侯官县洪塘乡人。曹学佺毕生好学，对文学、地理、天文、禅理、音律、诸子百家等都有研究，尤其工于诗词，写景抒情诗是他的特长，其才学之高，名列“闽中十才子”之首。曾任四川右参政、四川按察使、广西右参议等职。因所著《野史纪略》得罪大宦官魏忠贤党羽而被囚禁，后削职为民，隐居家乡长达二十年。清兵入关，南下攻陷福州，曹学佺留下“生前单管笔，死后一条绳”的绝命联，自缢殉国，史称“忠节”。</span></p><p style="vertical-align: inherit; outline: 0px; clear: both; min-height: 1em; visibility: visible; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="outline: 0px; font-size: 14px; color: rgb(109, 109, 109); visibility: visible; box-sizing: border-box !important;"> 曹学佺是林则徐的同乡前辈，其人格学养，素为林则徐所重。在林则徐福州府第“七十二峰楼”的大堂中，曾经悬挂着曹学佺的《贞松图》，彰显出温婉敦和、磊落坦然的君子气象。</span></p><p style="vertical-align: inherit; outline: 0px; clear: both; min-height: 1em; visibility: visible; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="outline: 0px; font-size: 14px; color: rgb(109, 109, 109); visibility: visible; box-sizing: border-box !important;"> 曹学佺从万历37年（1609年）起入川任职，万历41年（1613年）被罢职回籍，居蜀时间将近四年。曹学佺的《涪州》一诗，当作于罢官回家经过长寿、涪陵途中。原诗如下：</span></p><p style="vertical-align: inherit; outline: 0px; clear: both; min-height: 1em; visibility: visible; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="outline: 0px; font-size: 14px; color: rgb(109, 109, 109); visibility: visible; box-sizing: border-box !important;"> 枳县当三峡，巴梁对两渠。</span></p><p style="vertical-align: inherit; outline: 0px; clear: both; min-height: 1em; visibility: visible; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="outline: 0px; font-size: 14px; color: rgb(109, 109, 109); visibility: visible; box-sizing: border-box !important;"> 丹台秦妇筑，刁斗汉军书。</span></p><p style="vertical-align: inherit; outline: 0px; clear: both; min-height: 1em; visibility: visible; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="outline: 0px; font-size: 14px; color: rgb(109, 109, 109); visibility: visible; box-sizing: border-box !important;"> 李渡牵诗思，涪江咏谪居。</span></p><p style="vertical-align: inherit; outline: 0px; clear: both; min-height: 1em; visibility: visible; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="outline: 0px; font-size: 14px; color: rgb(109, 109, 109); visibility: visible; box-sizing: border-box !important;"> 溯舟如可入，便问武陵渔。</span></p><p style="vertical-align: inherit; outline: 0px; clear: both; min-height: 1em; visibility: visible; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="outline: 0px; font-size: 14px; color: rgb(109, 109, 109); visibility: visible; box-sizing: border-box !important;"> 前四句，描写山川人文之景，后四句，抒发罢官归隐之情。</span></p><p style="vertical-align: inherit; outline: 0px; clear: both; min-height: 1em; visibility: visible; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="outline: 0px; font-size: 14px; color: rgb(109, 109, 109); visibility: visible; box-sizing: border-box !important;"> 首联两句，描写涪州地势之险要，形胜之雄奇。枳县，即涪州，包括长寿在内。巴梁，即巴子梁，今名白鹤梁。两渠，当指长江和乌江，盖因水流狭窄，望之如渠。涪州城扼长江三峡之要冲，白鹤梁对长江乌江之汇流，则此地之山川形胜，自然非同寻常。</span></p><p style="vertical-align: inherit; outline: 0px; clear: both; min-height: 1em; visibility: visible; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="outline: 0px; font-size: 14px; color: rgb(109, 109, 109); visibility: visible; box-sizing: border-box !important;"> 颔联两句，描写涪州所属长寿县的人文景观。丹台，当指秦始皇为巴寡妇清所筑女怀清台。巴寡妇清因丹砂成名，故以丹台简称女怀清台。秦妇，指巴寡妇清。刁斗，古代军用器具，铜质，有柄，盆行，能容一斗，故名，白天当锅烧饭，夜间击之巡更。汉军书，指汉末张飞在刁斗上书写的银钩草书《刁斗铭》。北宋大观中（1107～ 1110年），邑人曾在黄草峡附近的不语滩前拾得三具镌刻张飞草书的刁斗，遂建桓侯宫（张飞庙）于此。女怀清台，由秦始皇为巴寡妇清而筑，刁斗银钩，乃汉代名将张飞所书，足见长寿历史人文之显赫厚重。</span></p><p style="vertical-align: inherit; outline: 0px; clear: both; min-height: 1em; visibility: visible; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="outline: 0px; font-size: 14px; color: rgb(109, 109, 109); visibility: visible; box-sizing: border-box !important;"> 行笔至此，由单纯写景，转而情景交融，重在抒情。</span></p><p style="vertical-align: inherit; outline: 0px; clear: both; min-height: 1em; visibility: visible; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="outline: 0px; font-size: 14px; color: rgb(109, 109, 109); visibility: visible; box-sizing: border-box !important;"> 颈联两句，借古人贬谪的史实，抒发罢官还乡的愁绪。李渡，今涪陵李渡，相传唐代诗仙李白在此渡江，故名。牵，牵动，引发。</span></p><p style="vertical-align: inherit; outline: 0px; clear: both; min-height: 1em; visibility: visible; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="outline: 0px; font-size: 14px; color: rgb(109, 109, 109); visibility: visible; box-sizing: border-box !important;"> 诗思，指诗人谪居异乡的愁思。涪江，乌江。咏，咏叹感慨。谪居，因贬谪而客居。北宋大学者程颐、大诗人黄庭坚都曾贬官谪居于涪陵。</span></p><p style="vertical-align: inherit; outline: 0px; clear: both; min-height: 1em; visibility: visible; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="outline: 0px; font-size: 14px; color: rgb(109, 109, 109); visibility: visible; box-sizing: border-box !important;"> 经过李渡而联想到李白，进而联想到李白贬官的经历，于是牵动自己忧谗畏讥的忧思；面对乌江这一贬官流放之地，遥想那些曾经被贬谪的先贤，心中对宦海沉浮不能不感慨万千。</span></p><p style="vertical-align: inherit; outline: 0px; clear: both; min-height: 1em; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="outline: 0px; font-size: 14px; color: rgb(109, 109, 109); box-sizing: border-box !important;"> 尾联两句，由乌江自然联想到武陵山，联想到陶渊明笔下的武陵源，进而抒写远离尘嚣、归隐山林的渴求。溯舟，逆流而上，指沿着乌江而上，就可抵达归隐之地武陵源。如可入，一个“如”字，隐藏的内涵是不可入，说明当时环境不容自己遁入世外桃源。便问武陵渔，指问津桃源，捕鱼武陵，过陶渊明式的隐逸生活。</span></p><p style="vertical-align: inherit; outline: 0px; clear: both; min-height: 1em; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><br></p><p style="vertical-align: inherit; outline: 0px; clear: both; min-height: 1em; text-align: center; box-sizing: border-box !important;" align="center"></p><p style="vertical-align: inherit; outline: 0px; clear: both; min-height: 1em; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="outline: 0px; font-size: 12px; color: rgb(178, 178, 178); box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="outline: 0px; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: left; box-sizing: border-box !important;">■</span>曹学佺当年赋诗的地方</span><br style="outline: 0px; box-sizing: border-box !important;"></p><section style="outline: 0px; line-height: normal; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><p style="vertical-align: inherit; outline: 0px; font-size: 14px; color: rgb(109, 109, 109); box-sizing: border-box !important;"><br></p></section><p style="vertical-align: inherit; outline: 0px; clear: both; min-height: 1em; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="outline: 0px; font-size: 14px; color: rgb(109, 109, 109); box-sizing: border-box !important;"> “丹台秦妇筑，刁斗汉军书”。这是曹学佺对长寿的精彩描写，为我们留下了四百年前的长寿人文影像，显得弥足珍贵。</span></p><p style="vertical-align: inherit; outline: 0px; clear: both; min-height: 1em; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="outline: 0px; font-size: 14px; color: rgb(109, 109, 109); box-sizing: border-box !important;"> 曹学佺对四川和重庆自然、历史、人文素有研究，其所作《蜀中广记》，是研究巴蜀史地的扛鼎之作，对长寿历史文化也多有记载，为何却对“丹台秦妇筑，刁斗汉军书”的史实情有独钟呢？</span></p><p style="vertical-align: inherit; outline: 0px; clear: both; min-height: 1em; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="outline: 0px; font-size: 14px; color: rgb(109, 109, 109); box-sizing: border-box !important;"> “丹台秦妇筑”，揭示的是养生文化的源远流长；“刁斗汉军书”，折射出长寿乃兵家所必争。看来，养生文化的深厚博大，山水形胜的雄奇险峻，让长寿给曹学佺留下的印象一定太美太深。 </span></p></section></section><section style="outline: 0px; color: rgb(34, 34, 34); font-size: 17px; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: center; line-height: normal; font-family: -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><br style="outline: 0px; box-sizing: border-box !important;"></section><section style="outline: 0px; color: rgb(34, 34, 34); font-size: 17px; letter-spacing: 0.544px; font-family: -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="outline: 0px; font-size: 12px; color: rgb(178, 178, 178); box-sizing: border-box !important;">| 来源：《乐游长寿》杂志</span></section><section class="_135editor" data-role="paragraph"><p style="vertical-align:inherit;"><br></p></section></section> <!----></div><!----> {:4_197:}{:4_197:}{:4_197:}{:4_197:}{:4_197:}{:4_197:}
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